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      • Record: found
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      Is Open Access

      Some like it hot, but not too hot

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      Author(s): , ,
      Publication date (Electronic, pub):
      Journal: eLife
      Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
      Keywords: Aedes aegypti, mosquito, behavior, Other

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          Abstract

          A temperature-sensitive receptor prevents mosquitoes from being attracted to targets that are hotter than a potential host.

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          A gustatory receptor paralog controls rapid warmth avoidance in Drosophila

          Lina Ni, Peter Bronk, Elaine C Chang … (2013)
          Behavioral responses to temperature are critical for survival, and animals from insects to humans show strong preferences for specific temperatures 1, 2 . Preferred temperature selection promotes avoidance of adverse thermal environments in the short-term and maintenance of optimal body temperatures over the long-term 1, 2 , but its molecular and cellular basis is largely unknown. Recent studies have yielded conflicting views of thermal preference in Drosophila, attributing importance to either internal 3 or peripheral 4 warmth sensors. Here we reconcile these views by demonstrating that thermal preference is not a singular response, but involves multiple systems relevant in different contexts. We previously found that the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel TRPA1 acts internally to control the slowly developing preference response of flies exposed to a shallow thermal gradient 3 . Here we find that the rapid response of flies exposed to a steep warmth gradient does not require TRPA1; rather, the Gustatory receptor (Gr) Gr28b(D) drives this behavior via peripheral thermosensors. Grs are a large gene family widely studied in insect gustation and olfaction and implicated in host-seeking by insect disease vectors 5–7 , but not previously implicated in thermosensation. At the molecular level, Gr28b(D) misexpression confers thermosensitivity upon diverse cell types, suggesting it is a warmth sensor. These data reveal a new type of thermosensory molecule and uncover a functional distinction between peripheral and internal warmth sensors in this tiny ectotherm reminiscent of thermoregulatory systems in larger, endothermic animals 2 . The use of multiple, distinct molecules to respond to a given temperature, as observed here, may facilitate independent tuning of an animal’s distinct thermosensory responses.
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            Temperature sensation in Drosophila.

            Belinda Barbagallo, Paul A Garrity (2015)
            Animals use thermosensory systems to achieve optimal temperatures for growth and reproduction and to avoid damaging extremes. Thermoregulation is particularly challenging for small animals like the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, whose body temperature rapidly changes in response to environmental temperature fluctuation. Recent work has uncovered some of the key molecules mediating fly thermosensation, including the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels TRPA1 and Painless, and the Gustatory Receptor Gr28b, an unanticipated thermosensory regulator normally associated with a different sensory modality. There is also evidence the Drosophila phototransduction cascade may have some role in thermosensory responses. Together, the fly's diverse thermosensory molecules act in an array of functionally distinct thermosensory neurons to drive a suite of complex, and often exceptionally thermosensitive, behaviors.
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              Anopheles gambiae TRPA1 is a heat-activated channel expressed in thermosensitive sensilla of female antennae.

              Willem Takken, Hyung Kwon, Laurence J. Zwiebel … (2009)
              Heat sensitivity is a sensory modality that plays a critical role in close-range host-seeking behaviors of adult female Anopheles gambiae, the principal Afrotropical vector for human malaria. An essential step in this activity is the ability to discriminate and respond to increases in environmental temperature gradients through the process of peripheral thermoreception. Here, we report on the characterization of the anopheline homolog of the transient receptor potential (TRP) A1/ANKTM1 channel that is consistent with its role as a heat-sensor in host-seeking adult female mosquitoes. We identify a set of distal antennal sensory structures that specifically respond to temperature gradients and express AgTRPA1. Functional characterization of AgTRPA1 in Xenopus oocytes supports its role in the molecular transduction of temperature gradients in An. gambiae, providing a basis for targeting mosquito heat responses as a means toward reducing malaria transmission.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): eLife
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Elife
                Journal ID (hwp): eLife
                Journal ID (publisher-id): eLife
                Title: eLife
                Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
                ISSN (Electronic): 2050-084X
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 15 December 2015
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Volume: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e12838
                Affiliations
                [1]deptDepartment of Biology and National Center for Behavioral Genomics , Brandeis University , Waltham, United States
                [2]deptDepartment of Biology and National Center for Behavioral Genomics , Brandeis University , Waltham, United States
                [3]deptDepartment of Biology and National Center for Behavioral Genomics , Brandeis University , Waltham, United States pgarrity@ 123456brandeis.edu
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8274-6564
                Article
                Publisher ID: 12838
                DOI: 10.7554/eLife.12838
                PMC ID: 4744196
                PubMed ID: 26670880
                SO-VID: 889f8c99-e98d-48db-a944-90f540c16078
                Copyright © © 2015, Greppi et al
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 07 December 2015
                Date accepted : 07 December 2015
                Related
                Categories
                Subject: Insight
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Thermotaxis
                Custom metadata
                elife-xml-version 2.5

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: aedes aegypti,mosquito,behavior,other
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: aedes aegypti, mosquito, behavior, other

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