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      FIRST RECORD OF TUBERCULOSIS LESIONS IN ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL SAMPLES OF OTARIID PINNIPEDS. NEW ASPECTS OF THE PRE-EUROPEAN ORIGIN OF HUMAN TUBERCULOSIS IN SOUTH AMERICA AND DISSEMINATION MECHANISMS OF Mycobacterium pinnipediiIN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE Translated title: PRIMER REGISTRO DE LESIONES TUBERCULOSAS EN MUESTRAS ZOOARQUEOLÓGICAS DE PINNÍPEDOS OTÁRIDOS. NUEVOS ASPECTOS DEL ORIGEN PRE-EUROPEO DE LA TUBERCULOSIS HUMANA EN AMÉRICA DEL SUR Y MECANISMOS DE DISEMINACIÓN DEL Mycobacterium pinnipediiEN EL HEMISFERIO SUR

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          Abstract

          In 2003 Mycobacterium pinnipedii was described as responsible for producing tuberculosis (TB) in living otariid pinnipeds from Argentina and Australia. It is the only member of marine origin within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), which also affects other domestic and wild mammals, and humans. Based on several pre-Columbian records of human tuberculosis in South America, in 2010-2011 a new hypothesis about the origin of this zoonosis through otariid pinnipeds arose. In 2014, this hypothesis was confirmed based on the study of ancient DNA from three mummies (700-1,000 years BP) of the Chiribaya culture (Peru). Since there were no records of TB bone lesions in zooarchaeological samples of otariid pinnipeds from South America and the rest of the world, our study aimed at examining zooarchaeological samples of pinnipeds from coastal sites of the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), being the oldest Túnel I (6,400-4,300 years BP). A total of 4,138 vertebrae were analyzed, of which 0.46% showed lesions compatible with TB. In addition, we propose a new hypothesis on possible mechanisms of Mycobacterium pinnipedii dissemination that would explain the transmission routes to the different otariid pinniped species of the Southern Hemisphere. Mycobacterium pinnipedii is one of the most aggressive mycobacteria of the MTBC and of high risk for humans.

          Translated abstract

          En 2003 fue descripto Mycobacterium pinnipedii como responsable de producir tuberculosis (TB) en pinnípedos otáridos de Argentina y Australia. Esta especie es la única de origen marino del Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MBTC), que afecta también a otros mamíferos domésticos, silvestres y humanos. Debidoa numerosos registros de tuberculosis humana precolombina en Sudamérica, surge en 2010-2011 una nueva hipótesis sobre el origen de esta zoonosis a través de los pinnípedos otáridos. En 2014 esta hipótesis fue confirmada a través de estudios de ADN antiguo de tres momias (700-1.000 años AP) de la cultura Chiribaya (Perú). En virtud de no existir registros de TB ósea en muestras zooarqueológicas de pinnípedos de Sudamérica y del resto del mundo, nuestro estudio tuvo como finalidad examinar muestras zooarqueológicas de pinnípedos otáridos de sitios costeros del Canal Beagle (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), siendo el más antiguo Túnel I (6.400-4.300 años AP). Se analizó un total de 4.138 vértebras, de las cuales el 0,46% mostró lesiones compatibles con TB. Complementariamente, se propone una nueva hipótesis sobre posibles mecanismos de diseminación de Mycobacterium pinnipedii, planteando las posibles rutas de transmisión a las diferentes especies de pinnípedos otáridos del Hemisferio Sur. Mycobacterium pinnipedii es una de las micobacterias más agresivas del MBTC y de mayor riesgo para los humanos.

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          Most cited references3

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          Documentation of a Case of Tuberculosis in Pre-Columbian America.American

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            Morphological and paleoradiological studies of Pott’s disease cases

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              Uruguayan Pinnipeds (Arctocephalusaustralisand Otaria flavescens): Evidence of Influenza Virus and Mycobacterium pinnipedii Infections. In New Approaches to the Study of Marine Mammals, Chapter 7, (ed. by A. Romero and E.O. Keith), pp. 151-183. INTECH, London.

              J ARBIZA (2012)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                come
                Comechingonia
                Comechingonia
                AREA DE ETNOHISTORIA Y ARQUEOLOGÍA; C.E.H. PROF. CARLOS S.A. SEGRETI - U.A. CONICET (Córdoba, , Argentina )
                1851-0027
                December 2020
                : 24
                : 3
                : 90-99
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
                Article
                S1851-00272020000300090 S1851-0027(20)02400300090
                88a135dc-4c9d-4853-8c09-ee2c59dae21a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 December 2019
                : 07 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 195, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                paleotuberculosis en pinnípedos,Tierra del Fuego,zooarqueología,zooarchaeology,Holoceno Medio-Tardío,pinnipedpaleotuberculosis,Middle-Late Holocene

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