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      Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with depressive tendencies in general Japanese men and women: NIPPON DATA2010

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          Abstract

          Background

          The gender-specific characteristics of individuals at an increased risk of developing depression currently remain unclear despite a higher prevalence of depression in women than in men. This study clarified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of subclinical depression in general Japanese men and women.

          Methods

          Study participants were residents not receiving psychiatric treatments in 300 sites throughout Japan in 2010 (1152 men, 1529 women). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for socioeconomic factors and lifestyle factors were calculated using a logistic regression analysis.

          Results

          Risk of depressive tendencies was significantly higher in men who were single and living alone (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.56–6.88) than those married. The risk was significantly lower in women who were not working and aged ≥ 60 years (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22–0.68) and higher in men who were not working and aged < 60 years (OR, 3.57; 95%CI, 1.31–9.72) compared with those who were working. Current smoking was also associated with a significantly increased risk of depressive tendencies in women (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.68–5.22) but not in men.

          Conclusions

          Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were associated with an increased risk of depressive tendencies in general Japanese. Related factors were different by sex.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-019-0788-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references27

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          Gender differences in depression.

          It is commonly suggested that a female preponderance in depression is universal and substantial. This review considers that proposition and explanatory factors. The view that depression rates are universally higher in women is challenged with exceptions to the proposition helping clarify candidate explanations. 'Real' and artefactual explanations for any such phenomenon are considered, and the contribution of sex role changes, social factors and biological determinants are overviewed. While artefactual factors make some contribution, it is concluded that there is a higher order biological factor (variably determined neuroticism, 'stress responsiveness' or 'limbic system hyperactivity') that principally contributes to the gender differentiation in some expressions of both depression and anxiety, and reflects the impact of gonadal steroid changes at puberty. Rather than conclude that 'anatomy is destiny' we favour a diathesis stress model, so accounting for differential epidemiological findings. Finally, the impact of gender on response to differing antidepressant therapies is considered briefly.
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            Twelve-month prevalence, severity, and treatment of common mental disorders in communities in Japan: preliminary finding from the World Mental Health Japan Survey 2002-2003.

            To estimate the prevalence, severity, and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn; DSM-IV) mental disorders in community populations in Japan, face-to-face household surveys were conducted in four community populations in Japan. A total of 1663 community adults responded (overall response rate, 56%). The DSM-IV disorders, severity, and treatment were assessed with the World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured lay-administered psychiatric diagnostic interview. The prevalence of any WMH-CIDI/DSM-IV disorder in the prior year was 8.8%, of which 17% of cases were severe and 47% were moderate. Among specific disorders, major depression (2.9%), specific phobia (2.7%), and alcohol abuse/dependence (2.0%) were the most prevalent. Although disorder severity was correlated with probability of treatment, only 19% of the serious or moderate cases received medical treatment in the 12 months before the interview. Older and not currently married individuals had a greater risk of having more severe DSM-IV disorders if they had experienced any within the previous 12 months. Those who had completed high school or some college were more likely to seek medical treatment than those who had completed college. The study confirmed that the prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders was equal to that observed in Asian countries but lower than that in Western countries. The percentage of those receiving medical treatment was low even for those who suffered severe or moderate disorders. Possible strategies are discussed.
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              Data Resource Profile: The Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS).

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                hasuzuki@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
                ayakd@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
                okuda.nagako@gmail.com
                thayaka8@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp
                nnishi@nibiohn.go.jp
                nakamury@agr.ryukoku.ac.jp
                harima@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
                nmiya@nibiohn.go.jp
                atsushis@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
                miyan@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
                myanagit@mail.doshisha.ac.jp
                yatsuya@gmail.com
                zenymgt@yamanashi.ac.jp
                tohkubo@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
                okamura@z6.keio.jp
                hueshima@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
                aokayama@jrisp.com
                +81-77-548-2476 , miura@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
                Journal
                Environ Health Prev Med
                Environ Health Prev Med
                Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
                BioMed Central (London )
                1342-078X
                1347-4715
                28 May 2019
                28 May 2019
                2019
                : 24
                : 37
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9747 6806, GRID grid.410827.8, Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, , Shiga University of Medical Science, ; Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1763 1087, GRID grid.412857.d, Department of Hygiene, , Wakayama Medical University, ; Wakayama, Japan
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9747 6806, GRID grid.410827.8, Department of Public Health, , Shiga University of Medical Science, ; Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
                [4 ]GRID grid.444002.6, Department of Health and Nutrition, , University of Human Arts and Sciences, ; Saitama, Japan
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0000 8863 9909, GRID grid.262576.2, The Kinugasa Research Organization, , Ritsumeikan University, ; Kyoto, Japan
                [6 ]GRID grid.482562.f, International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, ; Tokyo, Japan
                [7 ]GRID grid.440926.d, Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, , Ryukoku University, ; Otsu, Japan
                [8 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0672 2176, GRID grid.411497.e, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, , Fukuoka University, ; Fukuoka, Japan
                [9 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9747 6806, GRID grid.410827.8, Department of Clinical Nursing, , Shiga University of Medical Science, ; Otsu, Japan
                [10 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2185 2753, GRID grid.255178.c, Department of Health and Sports Science, , Doshisha University, ; Kyotanabe, Japan
                [11 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1761 798X, GRID grid.256115.4, Department of Public Health, , Fujita Health University School of Medicine, ; Toyoake, Japan
                [12 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0291 3581, GRID grid.267500.6, Department of Health Sciences, , Yamanashi University, ; Kofu, Japan
                [13 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9239 9995, GRID grid.264706.1, Department of Hygiene and Public Health, , Teikyo University, ; Tokyo, Japan
                [14 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9959, GRID grid.26091.3c, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, , Keio University, ; Tokyo, Japan
                [15 ]Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
                Article
                788
                10.1186/s12199-019-0788-6
                6540356
                31138144
                88b05c7e-33ef-4b71-97d1-07a97d0071dc
                © The Author(s). 2019

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 15 March 2019
                : 17 April 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003478, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare;
                Award ID: H22-Junkankitou-Seishuu-Sitei-017
                Award ID: H25- Junkankitou-Seishuu-Sitei-022
                Award ID: H30-Junkankitou-Seishuu-Sitei-002
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Occupational & Environmental medicine
                depression,gender,socioeconomic factors,lifestyle,social psychiatry,japanese

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