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      Identifying Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Using Administrative Claims Algorithms

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          Abstract

          Retrospective administrative claims database studies provide real-world evidence about treatment patterns, healthcare resource use, and costs for patients and are increasingly used to inform policy-making, drug formulary, and regulatory decisions. However, there is no standard methodology to identify patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) from administrative claims data. Given the number of approved drugs now available for patients with PAH, the cost of PAH treatments, and the significant healthcare resource use associated with the care of patients with PAH, there is a considerable need to develop an evidence-based and systematic approach to accurately identify these patients in claims databases. A panel of pulmonary hypertension clinical experts and researchers experienced in retrospective claims database studies convened to review relevant literature and recommend best practices for developing algorithms to identify patients with PAH in administrative claims databases specific to a particular research hypothesis.

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          Most cited references24

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          The economic burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the US on payers and patients

          Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare condition that can ultimately lead to right heart failure and death. In this study we estimated the health care costs and resource utilization associated with PAH in a large US managed care health plan. Methods Subjects with claims-based evidence of PAH from 1/1/2004 to 6/30/2010 (identification period) were selected. To be included in the final PAH study sample, subjects were required to have ≥2 claims with a primary PH diagnosis; ≥2 claims with a PAH related-diagnosis (connective tissue diseases, congenital heart diseases, portal hypertension); and ≥1 claim with evidence of a PAH-indicated medication. The earliest date of a claim with evidence of PAH-indicated medication during the identification period was set as the index date. Health care costs and resource utilization were compared between an annualized baseline period and a 12 month follow-up period. Results 504 PAH subjects were selected for the final study cohort. Estimated average total health care costs were approximately 16% lower in the follow-up period compared to the baseline period (follow-up costs = $98,243 [SD = 110,615] vs. baseline costs = $116,681 [SD = 368,094], p < 0.001), but substantively high in each period relative to costs reported for other chronic diseases. Pharmacy costs were significantly higher in the follow-up period vs. the baseline period, ($38,514 [SD = 34,817] vs. $6,440 [SD = 12,186], p < 0.001) but medical costs were significantly lower in the follow-up vs. baseline ($59,729 [SD = 106,683] vs. $110,241 [SD = 368,725], p < 0.001). These costs were mirrored in health-care resource utilization estimates. The average counts of ambulatory visits and inpatient stays were lower in the follow-up vs. the baseline (both p < 0.001). Results varied in exploratory analyses when less restrictive subject identification algorithms were used. Conclusions Subjects with evidence of PAH had substantively high health care costs. Medical costs appeared to decrease following PAH medication use, but with a concomitant increase in pharmacy costs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-014-0676-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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            Pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis: different phenotypes

            Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent and severe complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). PH in SSc is highly heterogeneous because of the various clinical phenotypes of SSc itself and because the mechanisms of PH can vary from one patient to another. PH in SSc may be due to vasculopathy of the small pulmonary arteries (group 1; pulmonary arterial hypertension), interstitial lung disease (group 3; PH due to lung disease or chronic hypoxia) or myocardial fibrosis leading to left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction (group 2; PH due to chronic left-heart disease). Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is not uncommon in SSc and may also cause PH in some patients (group 1′). There is a high prevalence of each of these conditions in SSc and, as such, it may be difficult to determine the dominant cause of PH in a particular patient. However, careful phenotyping of PH in SSc is important as the therapy required for each of these underlying conditions is very different. In this review, we will decipher the different phenotypes of SSc-PH. Pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis is heterogeneous with various possible mechanisms http://ow.ly/s98X30f0lcu
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              Characterizing pulmonary hypertension-related hospitalization costs among Medicare Advantage or commercially insured patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a retrospective database study.

              This study assessed pulmonary hypertension (PH)-related hospitalizations, including readmissions, among US patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a rare disease characterized by high morbidity and premature mortality.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ann Am Thorac Soc
                Ann Am Thorac Soc
                AnnalsATS
                Annals of the American Thoracic Society
                American Thoracic Society
                2329-6933
                2325-6621
                July 2019
                July 2019
                July 2019
                : 16
                : 7
                : 797-806
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
                [ 2 ]Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
                [ 3 ]University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
                [ 4 ]University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
                [ 5 ]Xcenda, LLC, Palm Harbor, Florida
                [ 6 ]United Therapeutics Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
                [ 7 ]Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
                Author notes
                Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Peter Classi, M.Sc., M.B.A., United Therapeutics Corporation, 55 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. E-mail: pclassi@ 123456unither.com .
                [*]

                Co–first authors.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-7026
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4223-4775
                Article
                201810-672CME
                10.1513/AnnalsATS.201810-672CME
                6600840
                30865835
                88c0ab39-d646-498d-9fc4-00e099accd26
                Copyright © 2019 by the American Thoracic Society

                This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). For commercial usage and reprints, please contact Diane Gern ( dgern@ 123456thoracic.org ).

                History
                : 12 October 2018
                : 13 March 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Pages: 10
                Categories
                Focused Review

                pulmonary hypertension,pulmonary arterial hypertension,administrative claims

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