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# Planck2015 results : XIII. Cosmological parameters

Astronomy & Astrophysics

EDP Sciences

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### Most cited references349

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### Planck2015 results

(2016)
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### A new type of isotropic cosmological models without singularity

(1980)
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### Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant

(1998)
We present observations of 10 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) between 0.16 0) and a current acceleration of the expansion (i.e., q_0 0, the spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia are consistent with q_0 0 at the 3.0 sigma and 4.0 sigma confidence levels, for two fitting methods respectively. Fixing a minimal'' mass density, Omega_M=0.2, results in the weakest detection, Omega_Lambda>0 at the 3.0 sigma confidence level. For a flat-Universe prior (Omega_M+Omega_Lambda=1), the spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia require Omega_Lambda >0 at 7 sigma and 9 sigma level for the two fitting methods. A Universe closed by ordinary matter (i.e., Omega_M=1) is ruled out at the 7 sigma to 8 sigma level. We estimate the size of systematic errors, including evolution, extinction, sample selection bias, local flows, gravitational lensing, and sample contamination. Presently, none of these effects reconciles the data with Omega_Lambda=0 and q_0 > 0.
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### Author and article information

###### Affiliations
[1 ]Planck Collaboration
###### Journal
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A&A
EDP Sciences
0004-6361
1432-0746
October 2016
September 20 2016
: 594
:
: A13
10.1051/0004-6361/201525830