Oral mucosal lesions in a Chilean elderly population: A retrospective study with a systematic review from thirteen countries

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Abstract

Background

The oral examination is an essential part of the multidisciplinary medical care in elderly people. Oral mucosal lesions and normal variations of oral anatomy (OMLs) are very common in this people, but few studies have examined the frequency and prevalence of these conditions worldwide and less in Chile. The aim of this research was to evaluate the frequency of OMLs in a Chilean elderly population.

Material and Methods

It was conducted a retrospective study (Talca, Chile). Two hundred seventy-seven OMLs were classified in groups and anatomical sites. In order to contextualize our numbers, we made a systematic review using Publish or Perish software, Google Scholar and InteractiVenn.

Results

The most prevalent OMLs groups were soft tissue tumors, epithelial pathology, facial pain and neuromuscular diseases, and dermatologic diseases. The most frequent OMLs included irritation fibroma (30 patients, 10.8%), hemangioma (20, 7.2%), burning mouth syndrome (20 cases, 7.2%), oral lichen planus (12, 4.3%) and epulis fissuratum (12, 4.3%). In the systematic review, 75 OMLs were relevant and the more studied pathologies were traumatic ulcerations (11 of 15 articles), oral lichen planus (10/15), irritation fibroma, melanotic pigmentations, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (9/10, respectively). Considering all included articles, most frequent OMLs in elderly people included denture-related stomatitis (13.3%), irritation fibroma (8.7%) and fissured tongue (6.3%).

Conclusions

The results reflect the frequency of OMLs diagnosed in a specialized service in south of Chile and many countries around the world. These numbers will allow the establishment of preventive politics and adequacy of the clinical services.

Key words:Oral mucosal lesions, elderly people, Chilean population, frequency, systematic review.

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Most cited references 30

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Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in elderly people in Santiago, Chile.

J. Gamonal, R Rojas, W. Aranda … (2003)

Oral prevalence studies are important to know the state of health and the needs of treatment. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and associated factors among aging Chileans. A random sample by age, gender, and socioeconomic status was obtained, comprising 889 individuals older than 65 years. Individuals were interviewed and examined in Santiago, the capital of Chile, according to the World Health Organization guidelines. The prevalence of one or more oral mucosal lesions in the sample was 53%. Logistic regression model revealed that denture use increased the probability of one or more oral mucosal lesions by threefold, while age, gender, smoking, medication use, xerostomia, and social or cultural factors had no effect. The most common lesion was denture stomatitis (22.3%), followed by irritative hyperplasia (9.4%), oral mucosal varicosities (9%), solitary pigmented lesions (4%), traumatic ulcer (3.5%), angular cheilitis (2.9%), multiple pigmented lesions (2.8%), hemangioma (2.3%), lichen planus (2.1%), leukoplakia (1.7%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (1.4%), nicotine stomatitis (1.3%), median rhomboid glossitis (0.9%), actinic cheilitis (0.9%), pyogenic granuloma (0.7%), oral squamous papiloma (0.6%), and mucocele (0.2%). One case of oral cancer was observed. Different factors increased the probability of specific oral mucosal pathologies. We can conclude that oral mucosal lesions are common in elderly people in Santiago, suggesting the necessity for improved standards of prevention, and diagnostic and opportune treatment of these lesions.

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Oral mucosal lesions in adult Chinese.

Hualiang Lin, Esmonde Corbet, Patrick C H Lo (2001)

The objectives of this analysis were to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OML) among adults in Southern China and to determine possible associations between OML and reported tobacco-smoking and alcohol-drinking habits. The sample consisted of 1,573 35- to 44-year-old and 1,515 65- to 74-year-old Chinese from both urban and rural areas of Guangdong Province. The subjects were interviewed by trained interviewers and underwent a clinical examination of the oral mucosa performed according to WHO guidelines. A specially prepared color atlas of OML was used for lesion recognition and confirmation during the survey. Among the 35- to 44-year-old subjects, the overall prevalence of OML was found to be 13% in urban men, 6% in urban women, 15% in rural men, and 4% in rural women. The corresponding figures for the 65- to 74-year-olds were 22%, 12%, 26%, and 19%. Tongue lesions and white lesions were relatively common, but denture-related lesions were not. No malignancies or erythroplakia was observed. Age and gender were found to relate to the occurrence of OML. In elderly men, smoking was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with some white lesions and tongue lesions, and alcohol drinking was also associated with some white lesions. In conclusion, tongue lesions and white lesions were relatively common in men, but pre-cancerous lesions were not prevalent.

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The importance of oral health to older people's quality of life.

C. Mcgrath, R Bedi (1999)

This study was designed to determine whether older people perceive oral health as being important to Quality of Life (QoL) and if so, to identify the most important ways in which their lives are affected. In addition, to identify if subgroups of older people perceive its importance differently. Nationwide qualitative face to face interviews with older people were carried out utilising the Office for National Statistics Omnibus survey in Great Britain. 454 adults aged 65 or older took part in this study, part of a random probability sample of adults in the UK. Respondents were interviewed in their homes. 72% (313) perceived their oral health status as important to their QoL through a variety of physical, social and psychological ways. Most frequently its impact on function: eating (29%, 126) and symptoms: comfort (14%, 59) were considered most important. Gender and social class variations were apparent (P < 0.05). Older people perceive oral health as being important to life quality in a variety of different ways. There are significant social class and gender variations which must be taken into consideration when assessing oral health needs of older people.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Exp Dent

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Exp Dent

Journal ID (publisher-id): Medicina Oral S.L.

Title: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry

Publisher: Medicina Oral S.L.

ISSN (Electronic): 1989-5488

Publication date (Electronic): 1 February 2017

Publication date Collection: February 2017

Volume: 9

Issue: 2

Pages: e276-e283

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca (UTALCA), Talca, Chile

[2 ]Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry (FOP), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

[3 ]Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca (UTALCA), Talca, Chile

[4 ]Gerontology Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

Author notes

Jaime Rodríguez Carvajal Building University of Talca (UTALCA) Lircay Av. S/N, Talca, Chile Zip code 3460000 , E-mail: contacto@ 123456cesarrivera.cl

Conflict of interest statement:The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exist.

Article

Publisher ID: 53427

DOI: 10.4317/jced.53427

PMC ID: 5303331

SO-VID: 8905bf1b-aa26-44a7-b9ed-1103c4c2f845

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Oral mucosal lesions in a Chilean elderly population: A retrospective study with a systematic review from thirteen countries

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Abstract

Background

Material and Methods

Results

Conclusions

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Politics of the Low Countries

Most cited references 30

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in elderly people in Santiago, Chile.

Oral mucosal lesions in adult Chinese.

The importance of oral health to older people's quality of life.

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