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      Wearable plasmonic-metasurface sensor for noninvasive and universal molecular fingerprint detection on biointerfaces

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          Abstract

          Wearable sensing technology is an essential link to future personalized medicine. However, to obtain a complete picture of human health, it is necessary but challenging to track multiple analytes inside the body simultaneously. Here, we present a wearable plasmonic-electronic sensor with "universal" molecular recognition ability. Flexible plasmonic metasurface with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)–activity is introduced as the fundamental sensing component in a wearable sensor since we solved the technical challenge of maintaining the plasmonic activities of their brittle nanostructures under various deformations. Together with a flexible electronic sweat extraction system, our sensor can noninvasively extract and "fingerprint" analytes inside the body based on their unique SERS spectra. As a proof-of-concept example, we successfully monitored the variation of trace-amounts drugs inside the body and obtained an individual’s drug metabolic profile. Our sensor bridges the existing gap in wearable sensing technology by providing a universal, sensitive molecular tracking means to assess human health.

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          Most cited references54

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          Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis.

          Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health. Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information, could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other non-invasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state. Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplification and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plastic-based sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications.
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            Multifunctional wearable devices for diagnosis and therapy of movement disorders.

            Wearable systems that monitor muscle activity, store data and deliver feedback therapy are the next frontier in personalized medicine and healthcare. However, technical challenges, such as the fabrication of high-performance, energy-efficient sensors and memory modules that are in intimate mechanical contact with soft tissues, in conjunction with controlled delivery of therapeutic agents, limit the wide-scale adoption of such systems. Here, we describe materials, mechanics and designs for multifunctional, wearable-on-the-skin systems that address these challenges via monolithic integration of nanomembranes fabricated with a top-down approach, nanoparticles assembled by bottom-up methods, and stretchable electronics on a tissue-like polymeric substrate. Representative examples of such systems include physiological sensors, non-volatile memory and drug-release actuators. Quantitative analyses of the electronics, mechanics, heat-transfer and drug-diffusion characteristics validate the operation of individual components, thereby enabling system-level multifunctionalities.
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              Wearable sweat sensors

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Science Advances
                Sci. Adv.
                American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                2375-2548
                January 22 2021
                January 2021
                January 22 2021
                January 2021
                : 7
                : 4
                : eabe4553
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
                [2 ]Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK.
                [3 ]College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
                Article
                10.1126/sciadv.abe4553
                33523953
                89117329-2836-431a-be62-f0191c275141
                © 2021

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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