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      IMAGE QUALITY AND ARTIFACTS ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY : Comparison of Pathologic and Paired Fellow Eyes in 65 Patients With Unilateral Choroidal Melanoma Treated With Plaque Radiotherapy

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          Abstract

          To study image quality and artifacts seen on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

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          Split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography with optical coherence tomography

          Yali Jia, Ou Tan, Jason Tokayer … (2012)
          Amplitude decorrelation measurement is sensitive to transverse flow and immune to phase noise in comparison to Doppler and other phase-based approaches. However, the high axial resolution of OCT makes it very sensitive to the pulsatile bulk motion noise in the axial direction. To overcome this limitation, we developed split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography (SSADA) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of flow detection. The full OCT spectrum was split into several narrower bands. Inter-B-scan decorrelation was computed using the spectral bands separately and then averaged. The SSADA algorithm was tested on in vivo images of the human macula and optic nerve head. It significantly improved both SNR for flow detection and connectivity of microvascular network when compared to other amplitude-decorrelation algorithms.
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            A review of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)

            Talisa de Carlo, André Romano, Nadia K. Waheed … (2015)
            Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new, non-invasive imaging technique that generates volumetric angiography images in a matter of seconds. This is a nascent technology with a potential wide applicability for retinal vascular disease. At present, level 1 evidence of the technology’s clinical applications doesn’t exist. In this paper, we introduce the technology, review the available English language publications regarding OCTA, and compare it with the current angiographic gold standards, fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Finally we summarize its potential application to retinal vascular diseases. OCTA is quick and non-invasive, and provides volumetric data with the clinical capability of specifically localizing and delineating pathology along with the ability to show both structural and blood flow information in tandem. Its current limitations include a relatively small field of view, inability to show leakage, and proclivity for image artifact due to patient movement/blinking. Published studies hint at OCTA’s potential efficacy in the evaluation of common ophthalmologic diseases such age related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, artery and vein occlusions, and glaucoma. OCTA can detect changes in choroidal blood vessel flow and can elucidate the presence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a variety of conditions but especially in AMD. It provides a highly detailed view of the retinal vasculature, which allows for accurate delineation of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in diabetic eyes and detection of subtle microvascular abnormalities in diabetic and vascular occlusive eyes. Optic disc perfusion in glaucomatous eyes is notable as well on OCTA. Further studies are needed to more definitively determine OCTA’s utility in the clinical setting and to establish if this technology may offer a non-invasive option of visualizing the retinal vasculature in detail.
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              Spectral domain optical coherence tomography: ultra-high speed, ultra-high resolution ophthalmic imaging.

              Guillermo Tearney, N Nassif, Brett Bouma … (2005)
              To introduce a new ophthalmic optical coherence tomography technology that allows unprecedented simultaneous ultra-high speed and ultra-high resolution. Using a superluminescent diode source, a clinically viable ultra-high speed, ultra-high resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography system was developed. In vivo images of the retina, the optic nerve head, and retinal blood flow were obtained at an ultra-high speed of 34.1 microseconds (ms) per A-scan, which is 73 times faster than commercially available optical coherence tomography instruments. Single images (B-scans) consisting of 1000 A-scans were acquired in 34.1 ms, allowing video rate imaging at 29 frames per second with an axial resolution of 6 mum. Using a different source in a slightly slower configuration, single images consisting of 500 A-scans were acquired in 34 ms, allowing imaging at 29 frames per second at an axial resolution of 3.5 microm, which is 3 times better than commercially available optical coherence tomography instruments. The amount of energy directed into the eye in both cases, 600 microW, is less than that of the Stratus OCT3 and is safe for intrabeam viewing for up to 8 hours at the same retinal location. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography technology enables ophthalmic imaging with unprecedented simultaneous ultra-high speed and ultra-high resolution.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Retina
                Abbreviated Title: Retina
                Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
                ISSN (Print): 0275-004X
                Publication date Created: 2017
                Publication date (Print): September 2017
                Volume: 37
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 1660-1673
                Article
                DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001414
                PubMed ID: 27893622
                SO-VID: 891e0bcc-d516-4e7c-bd74-5745a54113e8
                Copyright © © 2017
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