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      Impact of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems on soil nematodes in a long-term experiment in Madagascar Translated title: Impacto do plantio direto com cobertura vegetal nos nematódeos edáficos em experimento de longa duração em Madagascar

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          Abstract

          The objective of this work was to assess the effects of conventional tillage and of different direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DMC) on soil nematofauna characteristics. The long-term field experiment was carried out in the highlands of Madagascar on an andic Dystrustept soil. Soil samples were taken once a year during three successive years (14 to 16 years after installation of the treatments) from a 0-5-cm soil layer of a conventional tillage system and of three kinds of DMC: direct seeding on mulch from rotation soybean-maize residues; direct seeding of maize-maize rotation on living mulch of silverleaf (Desmodium uncinatum); direct seeding of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)-soybean rotation on living mulch of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). The samples were compared with samples from natural fallows. The soil nematofauna, characterized by the abundance of different trophic groups and indices (MI, maturity index; EI and SI, enrichment and structure indices), allowed the discrimination of the different cropping systems. The different DMC treatments had a more complex soil food web than the tillage treatment: SI and MI were significantly greater in DMC systems. Moreover, DMC with dead mulch had a lower density of free-living nematodes than DMC with living mulch, which suggested a lower microbial activity.

          Translated abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do plantio convencional e de diferentes sistemas de plantio direto com cobertura vegetal (DMC) nas características da nematofauna edáfica. Foi intalado um experimento de longa duração nos platôs centrais de Madagascar em um Inceptisol ândico. O solo foi amostrado uma vez por ano durante três anos consecutivos (14 a 16 anos após a instalação dos tratamentos) na camada de 0-5 cm do solo em plantio convencional e em três tipos de DMC: plantio direto sobre cobertura morta de resíduos da rotação soja-milho; plantio direto da sucessão milho-milho sobre cobertura viva de Desmodium uncinatum; plantio direto da rotação feijão-soja sobre cobertura viva de Pennisetum clandestinum. As amostras foram comparadas com amostras oriundas de pousio. A nematofauna do solo, caracterizada pela abundância dos diferentes grupos tróficos e índices (MI, índice de maturidade; EI e SI, índices de enriquecimento e estrutura) permitiu a discriminação dos diferentes sistemas de cultivo. Os sistemas de plantio direto com cobertura vegetal foram caracterizados por uma cadeia trófica mais complexa que a de plantio convencional: SI e MI foram significativamente maiores no plantio direto. O sistema de plantio direto em cobertura morta apresentou menor densidade de nematódeos de vida livre em comparação com os sistemas de plantio direto em cobertura viva, o que sugere uma atividade microbiana mais baixa.

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          Most cited references19

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          The maturity index: an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition

          Nematode assemblages constitute a potential instrument for assessing the quality of submersed, temporarily submersed, and terrestrial soils and for the development of an ecological typology and biomonitoring system. Interpretation of physical or pollution-induced disturbances has hitherto mainly been based on changes in diversity, dominance patterns or percentage of dorylaimids (Adenophorea). The maturity index, based on the nematode fauna, is proposed as a gauge of the condition of the soil ecosystem. Values on a coloniser/persister scale are given for nematodes that occur in The Netherlands. The possibilities of the use of this index are demonstrated by a retrospective interpretation of some literature data. The use of nematodes in environmental studies is discussed.
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            Long-term consequences of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation on maize/wheat root rot and nematode populations in subtropical highlands

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              Modifications of the Elutriation Method for Extracting Nematodes From Soil

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Informação Tecnológica (Brasília )
                1678-3921
                August 2009
                : 44
                : 8
                : 949-953
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Unité Mixté Recherche France
                [2 ] Fofifa UPR Madagascar
                [3 ] IRD ISRA Sénégal
                Article
                S0100-204X2009000800022
                10.1590/S0100-204X2009000800022
                89275320-5ed8-40fb-9383-f357c7a3b1dc

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-204X&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Animal agriculture,General agriculture
                Nematoda,living mulch,soil functioning,indicator,crop residues,indicador,cobertura viva,funcionamento do solo,resíduos culturais

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