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      Estudio tafonómico de los mamíferos pleistocenos del yacimiento de Playa del Barco (Pehuen Co), provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Translated title: Taphonomic study of pleistocene mammals from Playa del Barco site (Pehuen Co) Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

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          Abstract

          Se dan a conocer los resultados del estudio tafonómico comparativo realizado sobre restos de mamíferos fósiles de Playa del Barco, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. En este yacimiento se reconocieron dos niveles portadores que forman parte de un ambiente fluvial, uno constituido fundamentalmente por conglomerados y el otro por areniscas limosas. Los restos de mamíferos recuperados se incluyen en los órdenes Xenarthra, Notoungulata, Litopterna, Rodentia, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla y Proboscidea, todos ellos constituyentes de la típica megafauna del Pleistoceno. Teniendo en cuenta el nivel de procedencia, se observaron variaciones en los atributos tafonómicos de los materiales analizados. Los materiales provenientes del conglomerado presentan evidencias que indican su enterramiento rápido y que luego fueron sometidos a procesos de reelaboración antes de su depositación final. Los fósiles procedentes de las areniscas limosas presentan indicios de una exposición prolongada a la intemperie, sometidos con mayor intensidad a procesos ocurridos antes del enterramiento. Por sus características se interpretó que se trataría de restos resedimentados. Si bien en ambos casos se infieren procesos relacionados con el transporte en masa, la diversidad en el estado de conservación y en los atributos tafonómicos surgirían como resultado de procesos originados en cada uno de los niveles portadores. Las evidencias litoestratigráficas, taxonómicas y tafonómicas no permiten relacionar de manera directa estos dos niveles como parte de un único evento, por lo que los fósiles que contienen se interpretan como integrantes de dos asociaciones distintas.

          Translated abstract

          Results are presented of a comparative taphonomic study conducted on mammal remains from Playa del Barco, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Two bearing levels, belonging to a fluvial environment were recognized: one constituted mainly by conglomerates and the other by silty sandstones. The mammal remains collected belong to the orders Xenarthra, Notoungulata, Litopterna, Rodentia, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Proboscidea, all of them components of the typical Pleistocene megafauna. When taking into account the source level, variations in the taphonomic attributes of the analysed materials were observed. Remains from the conglomerate show evidence of having been rapidly buried and then reelaborated before their final deposition. Fossils from silty sandstones show signs of longer exposure to weather, more intensely subject to processes that took place before burial. Due to their characteristics they are interpreted as re-deposited remains. In both cases, processes related to mass transport are inferred. Nevertheless, the diversity in conservation status and taphonomic attributes would result from processes originated at each of the source levels. The lithostratigraphic, taxonomic, and taphonomic evidences do not allow relating these two levels to a unique event. Therefore, the fossils that they contain are interpreted as members of two different associations.

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          Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering

          Bones of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin, southern Kenya, exhibit distinctive weathering characteristics that can be related to the time since death and to the local conditions of temperature, humidity and soil chemistry. A categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of weathering rates and processes. The time necessary to achieve each successive weathering stage has been calibrated using known-age carcasses. Most bones decompose beyond recognition in 10 to 15 yr. Bones of animals under 100 kg and juveniles appear to weather more rapidly than bones of large animals or adults. Small-scale rather than widespread environmental factors seem to have greatest influence on weathering characteristics and rates. Bone weathering is potentially valuable as evidence for the period of time represented in recent or fossil bone assemblages, including those on archeological sites, and may also be an important tool in censusing populations of animals in modern ecosystems.
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            Time resolution in fluvial vertebrate assemblages

            Calibrating levels of time resolution that are accessible in the fossil record is important in understanding what evolutionary phenomena can be profitably studied using fossils. A model for attritional bone assemblage formation in fluvial deposits, based on observations of taphonomic processes in modern environments, provides order-of-magnitude estimates for time intervals represented in single unit, ‘contemporaneous' vertebrate samples. In order to form units with adequate material for analysis of morphological variation or paleoecological associations, it appears that bones must be spatially concentrated or stratigraphically condensed by sedimentary processes or biological agencies. In many cases this means that significant periods of time will be represented by single unit assemblages. According to predictions from modern environments, carcasses contributed through normal attrition can accumulate in the soil to ‘fossiliferous' densities over time intervals of 102–104 yrs. Attritional channel assemblages include bones from three sources: floodplain land surfaces, floodplain deposits, and the active channel, and represent time intervals on the order of 102–104 yrs. Given additional limitations on the composition of the fossil sample imposed by circumstances of preservation, outcrop availability and collecting strategy, attritional fluvial assemblages probably can be resolved only to 103 years even under the best conditions. Time intervals represented by fossils are not necessarily the same as those represented by sedimentary events in fluvial systems because bones can continue to accumulate and may be concentrated during times of erosion or non-deposition. Fluvial vertebrate assemblages of comparable taphonomic history can be used to document evolutionary changes over periods longer than their finest level of time resolution. While they may not be applicable to questions of punctuated or gradual transitions over shorter time scales, the longer-term patterns should have their own evolutionary significance.
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              Vertebrate preservation in fluvial channels

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ameg
                Ameghiniana
                Ameghiniana
                Asociación Paleontológica Argentina (Buenos Aires )
                1851-8044
                June 2010
                : 47
                : 2
                : 137-152
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Argentina
                [2 ] Universidad Nacional de La Pampa Argentina
                [3 ] Universidad Nacional del Sur Argentina
                [4 ] Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales Carlos Darwin Argentina
                Article
                S0002-70142010000200001
                10.5710/AMGH.v47i2.5
                8954fce1-15e2-4a0e-8a23-f8fc6c3b3f85

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0002-7014&lng=en
                Categories
                PATHOLOGY

                Pathology
                Taphonomy,Mammals,Pleistocene,Playa del Barco,Buenos Aires,Tafonomía,Mamíferos,Pleistoceno
                Pathology
                Taphonomy, Mammals, Pleistocene, Playa del Barco, Buenos Aires, Tafonomía, Mamíferos, Pleistoceno

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