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      From Plant Compounds to Botanicals and Back: A Current Snapshot

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          Abstract

          This work aims at giving an updated picture of the strict interaction between main plant biologically active compounds and botanicals. The main features of the emerging class of dietary supplements, the botanicals, are highlighted. Focus is also on the definition of actual possibilities of study approach and research strategies. Examples of innovative directions are given: assessment of interaction of bioactive compounds, chemometrics and the new goal of biorefineries. Current models of existing databases, such as plant metabolic pathways, food composition, bioactive compounds, dietary supplements, and dietary markers, are described as usable tools for health research. The need for categorization of botanicals as well as for the implementation of specific and dedicated databases emerged, based on both analytical data and collected data taken from literature throughout a harmonized and standardized approach for the evaluation of an adequate dietary intake.

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          The circular economy.

          Walter R Stahel (2016)
          Article 0 comments Cited 365 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Polyphenols and Glycemic Control

            Yoona Kim, Jennifer Keogh, Peter M. Clifton (2016)
            Growing evidence from animal studies supports the anti-diabetic properties of some dietary polyphenols, suggesting that dietary polyphenols could be one dietary therapy for the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes. This review aims to address the potential mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity based on in vitro and in vivo studies, and to provide a comprehensive overview of the anti-diabetic effects of commonly consumed dietary polyphenols including polyphenol-rich mixed diets, tea and coffee, chocolate and cocoa, cinnamon, grape, pomegranate, red wine, berries and olive oil, with a focus on human clinical trials. Dietary polyphenols may inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase, inhibit glucose absorption in the intestine by sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), stimulate insulin secretion and reduce hepatic glucose output. Polyphenols may also enhance insulin-dependent glucose uptake, activate 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), modify the microbiome and have anti-inflammatory effects. However, human epidemiological and intervention studies have shown inconsistent results. Further intervention studies are essential to clarify the conflicting findings and confirm or refute the anti-diabetic effects of dietary polyphenols.
            Article 0 comments Cited 154 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants' extracts.

              S Sasidharan, Y-.Y CHEN, D. Saravanan … (2011)
              Natural products from medicinal plants, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. Due to an increasing demand for chemical diversity in screening programs, seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products, interest particularly in edible plants has grown throughout the world. Botanicals and herbal preparations for medicinal usage contain various types of bioactive compounds. The focus of this paper is on the analytical methodologies, which include the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations. The common problems and key challenges in the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations are discussed. As extraction is the most important step in the analysis of constituents present in botanicals and herbal preparations, the strengths and weaknesses of different extraction techniques are discussed. The analysis of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts involving the applications of common phytochemical screening assays, chromatographic techniques such as HPLC and, TLC as well as non-chromatographic techniques such as immunoassay and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) are discussed.
              Article 0 comments Cited 127 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Derek J. McPhee: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 July 2018
                Publication date Collection: August 2018
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1844
                Affiliations
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: alessandra.durazzo@ 123456crea.gov.it (A.D.); aida.turrini@ 123456crea.gov.it (A.T.); Tel.: +39-065-149-4430 (A.D.); +39-065-149-4440 (A.T.)
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-5539
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-23-01844
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081844
                PMC ID: 6222869
                PubMed ID: 30042375
                SO-VID: 896083dd-c7a1-4083-81d4-65f00d7b059d
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 04 July 2018
                Date accepted : 21 July 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Communication

                Keywords: dietary supplements,botanicals,bioactive compounds,antioxidants,study approach,integrated food research,dedicated databases,dietary assessment.
                Data availability:
                Keywords: dietary supplements, botanicals, bioactive compounds, antioxidants, study approach, integrated food research, dedicated databases, dietary assessment.

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