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      Human dendritic cell subsets

      research-article
      , ,
      Immunology
      John Wiley & Sons Ltd
      dendritic cells, haematology, therapy/immunotherapy

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          Abstract

          Dendritic cells are highly adapted to their role of presenting antigen and directing immune responses. Developmental studies indicate that DCs originate independently from monocytes and tissue macrophages. Emerging evidence also suggests that distinct subsets of DCs have intrinsic differences that lead to functional specialisation in the generation of immunity. Comparative studies are now allowing many of these properties to be more fully understood in the context of human immunology.

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          Most cited references85

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          The nature of the principal type 1 interferon-producing cells in human blood.

          Interferons (IFNs) are the most important cytokines in antiviral immune responses. "Natural IFN-producing cells" (IPCs) in human blood express CD4 and major histocompatibility complex class II proteins, but have not been isolated and further characterized because of their rarity, rapid apoptosis, and lack of lineage markers. Purified IPCs are here shown to be the CD4(+)CD11c- type 2 dendritic cell precursors (pDC2s), which produce 200 to 1000 times more IFN than other blood cells after microbial challenge. pDC2s are thus an effector cell type of the immune system, critical for antiviral and antitumor immune responses.
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            Conventional and monocyte-derived CD11b(+) dendritic cells initiate and maintain T helper 2 cell-mediated immunity to house dust mite allergen.

            Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for mounting allergic airway inflammation, but it is unclear which subset of DCs performs this task. By using CD64 and MAR-1 staining, we reliably separated CD11b(+) monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) from conventional DCs (cDCs) and studied antigen uptake, migration, and presentation assays of lung and lymph node (LN) DCs in response to inhaled house dust mite (HDM). Mainly CD11b(+) cDCs but not CD103(+) cDCs induced T helper 2 (Th2) cell immunity in HDM-specific T cells in vitro and asthma in vivo. Studies in Flt3l(-/-) mice, lacking all cDCs, revealed that moDCs were also sufficient to induce Th2 cell-mediated immunity but only when high-dose HDM was given. The main function of moDCs was the production of proinflammatory chemokines and allergen presentation in the lung during challenge. Thus, we have identified migratory CD11b(+) cDCs as the principal subset inducing Th2 cell-mediated immunity in the LN, whereas moDCs orchestrate allergic inflammation in the lung. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Plasmacytoid monocytes migrate to inflamed lymph nodes and produce large amounts of type I interferon.

              We have identified two cell subsets in human blood based on the lack of lineage markers (lin-) and the differential expression of immunoglobulin-like transcript receptor 1 (ILT1) and ILT3. One subset (lin-/ILT3+/ILT1+) is related to myeloid dendritic cells. The other subset (lin-/ILT3+/ILT1+) corresponds to 'plasmacytoid monocytes'. These cells are found in inflamed lymph nodes in and around the high endothelial venules. They express CD62L and CXCR3, and produce extremely large amounts of type I interferon after stimulation with influenza virus or CD40L. These results, with the distinct cell phenotype, indicate that plasmacytoid monocytes represent a specialized cell lineage that enters inflamed lymph nodes at high endothelial venules, where it produces type I interferon. Plasmacytoid monocytes may protect other cells from viral infections and promote survival of antigen-activated T cells.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Immunology
                Immunology
                imm
                Immunology
                John Wiley & Sons Ltd
                0019-2805
                1365-2567
                September 2013
                12 August 2013
                : 140
                : 1
                : 22-30
                Affiliations
                Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Matthew Collin, Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK. Email: matthew.collin@ 123456ncl.ac.uk

                Senior author: Matthew Collin

                Article
                10.1111/imm.12117
                3809702
                23621371
                8961c8da-162a-4a42-9c67-c85f839b4a32
                © 2013 The Authors. Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Immunology, 140, 22-30

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 09 April 2013
                : 22 April 2013
                : 24 April 2013
                Categories
                Review Articles

                Immunology
                dendritic cells,haematology,therapy/immunotherapy
                Immunology
                dendritic cells, haematology, therapy/immunotherapy

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