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      Metformin, Independent of AMPK, Inhibits mTORC1 in a Rag GTPase-Dependent Manner

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          Abstract

          Dysfunctional mTORC1 signaling is associated with a number of human pathologies owing to its central role in controlling cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. Regulation of mTORC1 is achieved by the integration of multiple inputs, including those of mitogens, nutrients, and energy. It is thought that agents that increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio, such as the antidiabetic biguanides metformin and phenformin, inhibit mTORC1 through AMPK activation of TSC1/2-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Unexpectedly, we found that biguanides inhibit mTORC1 signaling, not only in the absence of TSC1/2 but also in the absence of AMPK. Consistent with these observations, in two distinct preclinical models of cancer and diabetes, metformin acts to suppress mTORC1 signaling in an AMPK-independent manner. We found that the ability of biguanides to inhibit mTORC1 activation and signaling is, instead, dependent on the Rag GTPases.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Cell Metabolism
          Cell Metabolism
          Elsevier BV
          15504131
          May 2010
          May 2010
          : 11
          : 5
          : 390-401
          Article
          10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.014
          3081779
          20444419
          8969bca6-d160-4318-9985-5bfb5cac552f
          © 2010

          https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

          https://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/

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