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      The tradeoff between item and order information in short-term memory does not depend on encoding time.

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      Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
      American Psychological Association (APA)

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d451540e69">Participants can optimize encoding of an immediate verbal memory test for item or for order information, or they can try to be ready for either type of test. Dividing encoding between both kinds of information, however, comes at a cost. Recently, it has been shown that the cost is more severe for order information compared to item information (Guitard et al., 2022). Here, for the first time, we evaluated which factor can better account for this asymmetry by contrasting two hypotheses. According to a rate hypothesis, divided attention affects the rate of encoding more for order than for items. According to an alternative, asymptote hypothesis, divided attention does not affect the rates but diminishes the endpoint, or asymptotic level, of order encoding more than item encoding. In three experiments to distinguish these hypotheses, participants prepared for an item fragment completion test, an order reconstruction test, or both types of tests, in trials with different durations of presentation. Overall, our results were better accounted for by a model which assumes that dividing attention between preparation for item and order testing affects the asymptote of encoding more for order than for items, with no effects on the rates of order or item encoding compared to preparation for a single test. The findings not only replicate our prior results, but also demonstrate that the allocation of attention to item or order processing can be disentangled from the time on task. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved). </p>

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
          Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
          American Psychological Association (APA)
          1939-1277
          0096-1523
          January 2023
          January 2023
          : 49
          : 1
          : 51-70
          Article
          10.1037/xhp0001074
          36355706
          896f14e5-7ffb-4112-a86d-911391428601
          © 2023

          http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/open-access.aspx

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