Clinical spectrum of pseudoexfoliation syndrome—An electronic records audit

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate different clinical variants of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and their risk of developing ocular hypertension (OHT) or glaucoma (PXG)

Design

Cross sectional hospital based study.

Setting

All patients seen at glaucoma services of a tertiary eye care center in east India.

Methods

Electronic medical records search of hospital database including consecutive new and old cases seen during April 2013 to March 2015 was done to retrieve case sensitive words including pseudoexfoliation, PXF, PEX, PXG and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma over any part of the clinical electronic sheet of the patient. All demographic and clinical details including laterality, the pattern of deposits, need for medicines and disc damage at presentation was compared in eyes with radial pigmentary, classical or combined forms of PXF phenotypes.

Results

Of 110313 PXF patients seen during the period of 2013–2015, a total of 2297 eyes of 1150 PXF patients were identified including 525 unilateral PXF (meaning a total of 1775 PXF eyes with 625 patients having bilateral disease, n = 1250 eyes, other clinically normal eye, n = 522) at presentation. Of 525 unilateral PXF eyes, 105 had OHT and 131 had glaucoma while bilateral cases had more >50% (675 eyes of 1250 eyes) with glaucoma. Glaucoma with significant changes in IOP with or without disc damage was seen in 32% of pigmentary and 39% of classical PXF forms with eyes with combined forms of PXF having around 50% with glaucoma at presentation compared to other forms, p<0.001.

Conclusion

Different phenotypic variants of PXF in this Indian cohort was associated with 30–50% risk of OHT or glaucoma respectively. Adequate care is required while examining the pattern of PXF in each case to prognosticate each patient/eye.