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      Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in an Infant with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type II: An Unreported Clinical Association

      case-report

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          Abstract

          A 6-month-old boy presented with acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and severe non-immune hemolytic anemia. Infection by Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli and other causes of microangiopathic hemolysis were ruled out, leading to a diagnosis of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Neither pathogenic variants in HUS-associated genes nor anti-factor H antibodies were identified. Copy number variation analysis uncovered 4 copies of complement factor H related genes, CFHR1- CFHR4, conceivably leading to higher than normal levels of the corresponding proteins. However, this abnormality was also found in the healthy relatives, neither explaining the disease nor the excessive complement deposition on endothelial cells detected by an ex-vivo test. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic homozygous variant in GRHPR encoding the glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate reductase. Recessive GRHPR mutations cause primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). The presence of renal calculi in the patient and elevated oxalate levels in the urine were consistent with the genetic diagnosis of PH2. We hypothesize that, in this patient, hyperoxaluria caused by the GRHPR genetic defect triggered endothelial perturbation and complement activation, which was amplified by impaired factor H regulatory activity due to the increased ­ CFHR1-CFHR4 copy numbers, resulting in aHUS.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          NEF
          Nephron
          10.1159/issn.1660-8151
          Nephron
          S. Karger AG
          1660-8151
          2235-3186
          2019
          July 2019
          19 March 2019
          : 142
          : 3
          : 264-270
          Affiliations
          [_a] aIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
          [_b] bDepartment of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Süleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty, Isparta, Turkey
          [_c] cPediatric Nephrology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
          [_d] dDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
          Author notes
          *Marina Noris, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases Aldo e Cele Daccò, Ranica, IT–24020 Bergamo (Italy), E-Mail marina.noris@marionegri.it
          Article
          497823 Nephron 2019;142:264–270
          10.1159/000497823
          30889567
          89816948-45f6-4352-863b-118ba9ddeae8
          © 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel

          Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

          History
          : 14 January 2019
          : 10 February 2019
          Page count
          Figures: 3, Tables: 1, Pages: 7
          Categories
          Experimental Nephrology and Genetics: Case Study of Genetic Interest

          Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
          Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome,Complement,Primary hyperoxaluria type 2,Glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate reductase gene,Whole-exome sequencing,Complement factor H related genes

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