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      Cross-cultural aspects of creativity

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          Abstract

          Kreativität – die Generierung und Verwertung von Ideen – und Psychopathologie werden schon seit langem miteinander in Verbindung gebracht. Jedoch wurde der Einfluss interkultureller Faktoren bisher weitgehend in der Fachliteratur ignoriert. Die vorliegende Dissertation zeigt, dass (1) Kreativität und Selbstverwirklichung kaum miteinander assoziiert sind, dass (2) Kreativität allerdings stark mit schizotyper Persönlichkeitsstörung verbunden ist, jedoch zeigen Menschen mit schöpferischen Leistungen verminderte Schizotypie-Symptome und es gibt einen Geschlechterunterschiede. Deshalb zeigt diese Dissertation (3), dass die Assoziation zwischen Kreativität und Schizotypie durch einen kulturellen Faktor (Deutsch, Russisch) moderiert wird. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert im Hinblick auf die kultur-unabhängige Validität der Konstrukte Kreativität, Schizotypie und Selbstverwirklichung, hinsichtlich psychometrischer Probleme bei der Erfassung dieser Konstrukte und hinsichtlich der Rolle für die allgemeine und spezifische mentale Gesundheit. Zukünftige Studien sollten eine wie hier vorgeschlagene Unterscheidung zwischen schöpferischen Leistungen und Kreativität als kognitives Konstrukt bzw. als Teil psychopathologischer oder persönlichkeitsrelevanter Aspekte vornehmen. Darüber hinaus sind die Hinzunahme von Aspekten, die Kultur, Geschlecht und Alter unterscheiden, sinnvoll. Unsere Resultate leisten einen Beitrag zur kulturellen Psychologie, indem sie das Wissen erweitern, wie die Kreativität-Schizotypie Assoziation durch kulturelle Faktoren beeinflusst wird und inwieweit schöpferische Leistungen und kognitive kreative Fähigkeiten diesbezüglich divergieren. Dies bedeutet, dass der humanistische Ansatz unterstützt wird, welcher zeigt, dass Selbstverwirklichung und kreative Fähigkeiten nicht unmittelbar auf ähnliche Persönlichkeitseigenschaften zurückzuführen sind.

          Abstract

          Creativity – the generation of novel and appropriate ideas – and psychopathology have been associated for a long time. However, the impact of cross-cultural influence has been somewhat neglected in the literature. The present dissertation demonstrates that (1) creativity is barely related with self-actualization and that, nevertheless, (2) creativity has a strong association with schizotypal personality disorder. However, people with real-life creative achievements showed decreased schizotypy and there are gender differences regarding creative capacities. (3) The creativity – schizotypy link is likely to be moderated by cultural differences between Russians and Germans. Results are discussed with regard to culture-independent validity of the constructs creativity, schizotypy, and self-actualization, with regard to the problem of psychometrical assessment of these constructs, and with regard to a role of creativity in good mental health. Future studies might account for how real-life creativity differs from cognitive creative abilities in other psychopathological and personality aspects, how culture influences the creativity – self-actualization association, and whether the association of creativity with schizotypy and self-actualization is consistent in other age groups. Conclusively, these results contribute to cultural psychology of creativity by extending how the creativity – schizotypy association varies between cultures, as well as by pointing out the differences between real-life creative achievements and cognitive creative abilities. Furthermore, the results extend the humanistic approach showing that self-actualization and creative abilities may not rely on similar personality characteristics.

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          Most cited references10

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          Gender Differences in Creativity

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            The relationship between measures of creativity and schizotypy

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              Eye movement dysfunction in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analytic evaluation of candidate endophenotypes.

              Several forms of eye movement dysfunction (EMD) are regarded as promising candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Discrepancies in individual study results have led to inconsistent conclusions regarding particular aspects of EMD in relatives of schizophrenia patients. To quantitatively evaluate and compare the candidacy of smooth pursuit, saccade and fixation deficits in first-degree biological relatives, we conducted a set of meta-analytic investigations. Among 18 measures of EMD, memory-guided saccade accuracy and error rate, global smooth pursuit dysfunction, intrusive saccades during fixation, antisaccade error rate and smooth pursuit closed-loop gain emerged as best differentiating relatives from controls (standardized mean differences ranged from .46 to .66), with no significant differences among these measures. Anticipatory saccades, but no other smooth pursuit component measures were also increased in relatives. Visually-guided reflexive saccades were largely normal. Moderator analyses examining design characteristics revealed few variables affecting the magnitude of the meta-analytically observed effects. Moderate effect sizes of relatives v. controls in selective aspects of EMD supports their endophenotype potential. Future work should focus on facilitating endophenotype utility through attention to heterogeneity of EMD performance, relationships among forms of EMD, and application in molecular genetics studies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, Humboldt-Universität (kvv )
                18 September 2014
                Article
                oai:HUBerlin.de:40943
                89889f7b-1b17-486d-9a9e-e1cae63680d7
                History

                Psychologie,Kultur,culture,Kreativität,CR 5000,Selbstverwirklichung,Schizotypie,Creativity,self-actualization,schizotypy,CZ 3000

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