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      Animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

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          Abstract

          Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) constitutes a clinical syndrome in which the diagnostic criteria of heart failure are not accompanied by gross disturbances of systolic function, as assessed by ejection fraction. In turn, under most circumstances, diastolic function is impaired. Although it now represents over 50 % of all patients with heart failure, the mechanisms of HFpEF remain understood, precluding effective therapy. Understanding the pathophysiology of HFpEF has been restricted by both limited access to human myocardial biopsies and by the lack of animal models that fully mimic human pathology. Animal models are valuable research tools to clarify subcellular and molecular mechanisms under conditions where the comorbidities and other confounding factors can be precisely controlled. Although most of the heart failure animal models currently available represent heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, several HFpEF animal models have been proposed. However, few of these fulfil all the features present in human disease. In this review we will provide an overview of the currently available models to study HFpEF from rodents to large animals as well as present advantages and disadvantages of these models.

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          Most cited references41

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          Coronary microvascular rarefaction and myocardial fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

          Characterization of myocardial structural changes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been hindered by the limited availability of human cardiac tissue. Cardiac hypertrophy, coronary artery disease (CAD), coronary microvascular rarefaction, and myocardial fibrosis may contribute to HFpEF pathophysiology.
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            Rodent models of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

            Diabetic cardiomyopathy increases the risk of heart failure in individuals with diabetes, independently of co-existing coronary artery disease and hypertension. The underlying mechanisms for this cardiac complication are incompletely understood. Research on rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and the use of genetic engineering techniques in mice, have greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for human diabetic cardiomyopathy. The adaptation of experimental techniques for the investigation of cardiac physiology in mice now allows comprehensive characterization of these models. The focus of the present review will be to discuss selected rodent models that have proven to be useful in studying the underlying mechanisms of human diabetic cardiomyopathy, and to provide an overview of the characteristics of these models for the growing number of investigators who seek to understand the pathology of diabetes-related heart disease.
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              Angiotensin 1-7 ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy and diastolic dysfunction in db/db mice by reducing lipotoxicity and inflammation.

              The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang 1-7)/MasR (Mas receptor) axis are emerging as a key pathway that can modulate the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We studied the effects of Ang 1-7 on diabetic cardiomyopathy in db/db diabetic mice to elucidate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of action.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                ipires@med.up.pt
                Journal
                Neth Heart J
                Neth Heart J
                Netherlands Heart Journal
                Bohn Stafleu van Loghum (Houten )
                1568-5888
                1876-6250
                2 March 2016
                2 March 2016
                April 2016
                : 24
                : 4
                : 275-286
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
                [ ]Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
                [ ]Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
                [ ]Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
                Article
                815
                10.1007/s12471-016-0815-9
                4796054
                26936157
                89a32f5e-9c2b-43b4-9b3d-8f482bf9ebaf
                © The Author(s) 2016

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                Categories
                Review Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2016

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,animal models, rodents,diastolic dysfunction

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