Deciduous dental caries status and associated risk factors among preschool children in Xuhui District of Shanghai, China

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Abstract

Background

This study aims to understand the deciduous dental caries status of preschool children in Xuhui District of Shanghai, China and to analyze the associated risk factors.

Methods

In January of 2016, a cross-sectional investigation was conducted to examine the oral health of all the kindergarten children in Xuihui District of Shanghai, China. Meanwhile, a field questionnaire survey was conducted with the children’s guardians to ascertain the potential risk factors associated with deciduous dental caries.

Results

Among 11,153 children, the prevalence of deciduous dental caries was 47.02%, and the mean dmft score was 2.21. The first three predilection sites were maxillary central primary incisors, mandible second primary molars, and mandible first primary molars. There were statistically significant differences in caries prevalence and dmft among different age groups and different household registration (Hukou) types ( P < 0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression suggested that the possible risk factors for deciduous caries included: older age, drinking sweetened beverages frequently, often or usually eating sweets before sleep compared to rarely/never eat them at this time, exclusive or predominant breastfeeding compared to exclusive or predominant artificial feeding and latter introduction of toothbrushing. On the other hand, Shanghai Hukou families, high educational level of guardians (high school or college education), regular parental support for children’s toothbrushing, guardians’ oral health knowledge, and a good perception about children’s oral health conditions were shown as potential protective factors for deciduous dental caries.

Conclusions

The deciduous dental caries status of preschool children in Xuhui District of Shanghai was still serious. The caries prevalence in Xuhui, China, is associated with children’s age, household registration type, oral health habits, feeding habits, guardians’ education level, parental perception about children’s oral health and knowledge about oral health.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-018-0565-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Most cited references 31

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Risk factors for dental caries in young children: a systematic review of the literature.

Rebecca Harris, Alison D Nicoll, Pauline Adair … (2004)

To conduct a systematic review of the literature on risk factors for dental caries in deciduous teeth of children aged six years and under, to give a scientific framework for the international collaborative studies on inequalities in childhood caries. Accepted guidelines were followed. Studies were identified by electronic searching and reviewed on the basis of key words, title and abstract by two reviewers to assess whether inclusion criteria were met. Copies of all articles were obtained and assessed for quality according to the study design. 1029 papers were identified from the electronic search, 260 met the prima facie inclusion criteria. 183 were excluded once full copies of these papers were obtained. Of the 77 studies included, 43 were cross sectional, 19 cohort studies, 8 case control studies and 7 interventional studies. Few obtained the highest quality scores. 106 risk factors were significantly related to the prevalence or incidence of caries. There is a shortage of high quality studies using the optimum study design, i.e. a longitudinal study. The evidence suggests that children are most likely to develop caries if Streptococcus Muttans is acquired at an early age, although this may be partly compensated by other factors such as good oral hygiene and a non-cariogenic diet. Diet and oral hygiene may interact so that if there is a balance of 'good' habits by way of maintaining good plaque control and 'bad' habits by way of having a cariogenic diet, the development of caries may be controlled.

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Poul Erik Petersen, Denis Bourgeois, Hiroshi Ogawa … (2005)

This paper outlines the burden of oral diseases worldwide and describes the influence of major sociobehavioural risk factors in oral health. Despite great improvements in the oral health of populations in several countries, global problems still persist. The burden of oral disease is particularly high for the disadvantaged and poor population groups in both developing and developed countries. Oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, oral mucosal lesions and oropharyngeal cancers, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-related oral disease and orodental trauma are major public health problems worldwide and poor oral health has a profound effect on general health and quality of life. The diversity in oral disease patterns and development trends across countries and regions reflects distinct risk profiles and the establishment of preventive oral health care programmes. The important role of sociobehavioural and environmental factors in oral health and disease has been shown in a large number of socioepidemiological surveys. In addition to poor living conditions, the major risk factors relate to unhealthy lifestyles (i.e. poor diet, nutrition and oral hygiene and use of tobacco and alcohol), and limited availability and accessibility of oral health services. Several oral diseases are linked to noncommunicable chronic diseases primarily because of common risk factors. Moreover, general diseases often have oral manifestations (e.g. diabetes or HIV/AIDS). Worldwide strengthening of public health programmes through the implementation of effective measures for the prevention of oral disease and promotion of oral health is urgently needed. The challenges of improving oral health are particularly great in developing countries.

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Trends in oral health status: United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004.

Ian Barker, M Horowitz, Sylvia Tan … (2007)

This report presents national estimates and trends for a variety of oral health status measures for persons aged 2 years and older by sociodemographic and smoking status since the late 1980s in the United States. Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 and from the NHANES 1999-2004 were used. These data sources were designed to provide information on the health and nutritional status of the civilian noninstitutionalized population in the United States. Information from oral health examination methods common to both survey periods were used to present prevalence estimates and for trend analyses. Statistical significance of differences between common estimates from each survey period was evaluated using two-sided t-tests. This report provides mean, percentile values, and standard errors for dental caries, dental sealants, incisal trauma, periodontal health, dental visits, perception of oral health status, tooth retention, and edentulism. Additional estimates for monitoring progress toward the Healthy People 2010 oral health objectives using NHANES source data are presented as well. For most Americans, oral health status has improved between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. For seniors, edentulism and periodontitis has declined; for adults, improvements were seen in dental caries prevalence, tooth retention, and periodontal health; for adolescents and youths, dental sealant prevalence has increased and dental caries have decreased; however, for youths aged 2-5 years, dental caries in primary teeth has increased.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Hongru Su: suhongru@hotmail.com

Renren Yang:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0859-3448

yangrenren1993@163.com

Qinglong Deng: 15211020001@fudan.edu.cn

Wenhao Qian: pingyanlaoto@163.com

Jinming Yu: jmy@fudan.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Oral Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Oral Health

Title: BMC Oral Health

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6831

Publication date (Electronic): 19 June 2018

Publication date PMC-release: 19 June 2018

Publication date Collection: 2018

Volume: 18

Electronic Location Identifier: 111

Affiliations

[1 ]Xuhui District Dental Centre, Shanghai, China

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0125 2443, GRID grid.8547.e, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, , Fudan University, ; Shanghai, China

Author information

Renren Yang http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0859-3448

Article

Publisher ID: 565

DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0565-8

PMC ID: 6009057

PubMed ID: 29921269

SO-VID: 89bd68b0-7116-4c4a-af9b-6684f88d0af2

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 9 March 2017

Date accepted : 28 May 2018

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: deciduous dental caries,preschool children,risk factors,logistic models

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: deciduous dental caries, preschool children, risk factors, logistic models

Deciduous dental caries status and associated risk factors among preschool children in Xuhui District of Shanghai, China

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Most cited references 31

Risk factors for dental caries in young children: a systematic review of the literature.

The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health.

Trends in oral health status: United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004.

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