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      Bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionoidea) Challenge a Recent Origin of Extant Neotropical Diversity.

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          Abstract

          The mechanisms underlying the high extant biodiversity in the Neotropics have been controversial since the 19th century. Support for the influence of period-specific changes on diversification often rests on detecting more speciation events during a particular period. The timing of speciation events may reflect the influence of incomplete taxon sampling, protracted speciation, and null processes of lineage accumulation. Here we assess the influence of these factors on the timing of speciation with new multilocus data for New World noctilionoid bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionoidea). Biogeographic analyses revealed the importance of the Neotropics in noctilionoid diversification, and the critical role of dispersal. We detected no shift in speciation rate associated with the Quaternary or pre-Quaternary periods, and instead found an increase in speciation linked to the evolution of the subfamily Stenodermatinae (∼18 Ma). Simulations modeling constant speciation and extinction rates for the phylogeny systematically showed more speciation events in the Quaternary. Since recording more divergence events in the Quaternary can result from lineage accumulation, the age of extant sister species cannot be interpreted as supporting higher speciation rates during this period. Instead, analyzing the factors that influence speciation requires modeling lineage-specific traits and environmental, spatial, and ecological drivers of speciation.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Syst. Biol.
          Systematic biology
          1076-836X
          1063-5157
          May 2016
          : 65
          : 3
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, 650 Life Sciences Building Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; rojasmartin.cu@gmail.com.
          [2 ] Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, 650 Life Sciences Building Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Uppsala Biomedicinskt Centrum BMC, Husarg, 3 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
          [3 ] Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, 650 Life Sciences Building Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 129 Dana Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
          Article
          syw011
          10.1093/sysbio/syw011
          26865275
          8a0510e0-1086-4670-85f2-60ba43c31273
          © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
          History

          Fossils,Neotropics,Phyllostomidae,geographic range evolution,speciation

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