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      Cannabis medicinal en el tratamiento del dolor crónico visceral Translated title: Medical cannabis treatment in patients with visceral chronic pain

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El dolor visceral crónico es muy frecuente e incapacitante. El dolor visceral secundario crónico debe distinguirse de los estados de dolor visceral primario crónico, que se consideran enfermedades por derecho propio. El dolor visceral crónico primario es una categoría del dolor de tipo nociplástico, que se caracteriza por una nocicepción alterada sin evidencia clara de daño tisular real o potencial. El manejo del dolor visceral crónico primario es un desafío, ya sea por falta de eficacia farmacológica o por intolerancia de los efectos secundarios. En este contexto, el tratamiento con cannabinoides puede ser una alternativa útil en estos pacientes. En esta revisión, tras explicar brevemente los mecanismos fisiopatológicos implicados en el dolor visceral crónico y su relación con el sistema endocannabinoide, revisaremos la evidencia actual sobre la utilización de cannabinoides en el tratamiento del dolor crónico visceral.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Chronic visceral pain is very common and disabling. Chronic secondary visceral pain must be distinguished from chronic primary visceral pain states that are considered diseases in their own right. Primary chronic visceral pain is a category of nociplastic-like pain, characterized by impaired nociception without clear evidence of actual or potential tissue damage. Management of primary chronic visceral pain is challenging, either due to lack of pharmacological efficacy or intolerance to side effects. In this context, treatment with cannabinoids can be a useful alternative in these patients. In this review, after briefly explaining the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in chronic visceral pain and its relationship with the endocannabinoid system, we will show the current evidence on the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of chronic visceral pain.

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          Most cited references52

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          Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: History, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Rome IV.

          Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), the most common diagnoses in gastroenterology are recognized by morphological and physiological abnormalities that often occur in combination including motility disturbance, visceral hypersensitivity, altered mucosal and immune function, altered gut microbiota and altered central nervous system processing. Research on these gut-brain interaction disorders is based on using specific diagnostic criteria. The Rome Foundation has played a pivotal role in creating diagnostic criteria thus operationalizing the dissemination of new knowledge in the field of FGIDs. Rome IV is a compendium of the knowledge accumulated since Rome III was published 10 years ago. It improves upon Rome III by: 1) updating the basic and clinical literature, 2) offering new information on gut microenvironment, gut-brain interactions, pharmacogenomics, biopsychosocial, gender and cross cultural understandings of FGIDs, 3) reduces the use of imprecise and occassionally stigmatizing terms when possible, 4) uses updated diagnostic algorithms, 5) incorporates information on the patient illness experience, and physiological subgroups or biomarkers that might lead to more targeted treatment. This introductory article sets the stage for the remaining 17 articles that follow and offers an historical overview of the FGIDs field, differentiates FGIDs from motility and structural disorders, discusses the changes from Rome III, reviews the Rome committee process, provides a biopsychosocial pathophysiological conceptualization of FGIDs, and offers an approach to patient care.
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            Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors.

            Abdominal pain is common in the general population and, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, is attributed to visceral hypersensitivity. We found that oral administration of specific Lactobacillus strains induced the expression of mu-opioid and cannabinoid receptors in intestinal epithelial cells, and mediated analgesic functions in the gut-similar to the effects of morphine. These results suggest that the microbiology of the intestinal tract influences our visceral perception, and suggest new approaches for the treatment of abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome.
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              Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                dolor
                Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor
                Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor
                Inspira Network Group, S.L (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1134-8046
                2022
                : 29
                : suppl 1
                : 32-42
                Affiliations
                [5] Madrid orgnameSociedad Española del Dolor orgdiv1Grupo de Trabajo de Cannabinoides Spain
                [3] Madrid orgnameConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) orgdiv1Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) España
                [4] Madrid orgnameSociedad Española del Dolor (SED) orgdiv1Grupo de Trabajo de Ciencias Básicas en Dolor y Analgesia España
                [1] Alcorcón orgnameUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud orgdiv2Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Bromatología España
                [6] orgnameHospital Quironsalud Tenerife orgdiv1Departamento de Anestesiología y Unidad del Dolor España
                [2] Alcorcón orgnameUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación de Alto Rendimiento en Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo (NeuGut-URJC) España
                Article
                S1134-80462022000200007 S1134-8046(22)02900000007
                10.20986/resed.2022.4030/2022
                8a3b589a-7c1e-4a7c-aa70-65d72396c86a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

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                Artículos

                dolor visceral,Cannabis medicinal,dolor crónico,evidencia,Medical cannabis,chronic pain,visceral pain,evidence

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