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      Mutualisms in a changing world: an evolutionary perspective.

      Ecology Letters
      Animals, Biological Evolution, Ecosystem, Environment, Global Warming, Humans, Symbiosis, physiology

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          Abstract

          Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1459-1474 ABSTRACT: There is growing concern that rapid environmental degradation threatens mutualistic interactions. Because mutualisms can bind species to a common fate, mutualism breakdown has the potential to expand and accelerate effects of global change on biodiversity loss and ecosystem disruption. The current focus on the ecological dynamics of mutualism under global change has skirted fundamental evolutionary issues. Here, we develop an evolutionary perspective on mutualism breakdown to complement the ecological perspective, by focusing on three processes: (1) shifts from mutualism to antagonism, (2) switches to novel partners and (3) mutualism abandonment. We then identify the evolutionary factors that may make particular classes of mutualisms especially susceptible or resistant to breakdown and discuss how communities harbouring mutualisms may be affected by these evolutionary responses. We propose a template for evolutionary research on mutualism resilience and identify conservation approaches that may help conserve targeted mutualisms in the face of environmental change. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          20955506
          10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01538.x

          Chemistry
          Animals,Biological Evolution,Ecosystem,Environment,Global Warming,Humans,Symbiosis,physiology
          Chemistry
          Animals, Biological Evolution, Ecosystem, Environment, Global Warming, Humans, Symbiosis, physiology

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