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      Nutritórax: una complicación infrecuente de la nutrición parenteral Translated title: Nutrithorax: an uncommon complication of parenteral nutrition

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la nutrición parenteral (NP) es una modalidad de soporte nutricional con posibles complicaciones, en parte asociadas al catéter venoso central (CVC). El quilotórax consiste en el derrame de líquido linfático de origen intestinal en el espacio pleural. Caso clínico: varón de 57 años ingresado para colecistectomía. Presenta un postoperatorio complicado que requiere reposo digestivo y NP. Posteriormente presenta disnea y dolor torácico con derrame pleural bilateral y pericárdico. Inicialmente se interpretó como un quilotórax, por su aspecto lechoso y su contenido en triglicéridos. La TC confirmó la malposición del CVC con salida de NP a nivel del tronco venoso innominado. Fue intervenido quirúrgicamente, realizándose un lavado del mediastino anterior y la reparación de la perforación. La evolución posterior fue favorable. Discusión: la extravasación de la NP al espacio pleural es una complicación infrecuente pero posible de la administración de NP por vía central. Por tanto, debe tenerse en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: parenteral nutrition (PN) is commonly used as a nutritional support option. It may cause complications, partly due to a central venous access. Chylothorax is an accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space. Case report: a 57-year-old man was admitted for cholecystectomy. A complicated postoperative period required PN. Cardiorespiratory symptoms started while receiving PN, and a bilateral pleural and pericardial effusion was identified. It was initially interpreted as chylothorax due to its milky appearance and high triglyceride content. A CT scan confirmed a malposition of the CVC with PN leakage at the level of the innominate venous trunk. It was surgically repaired. Discussion: parenteral nutrition leakage is an unusual complication of PN. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion.

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          Most cited references14

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          Chylothorax: aetiology, diagnosis and therapeutic options.

          Chylothorax is a rare condition that results from thoracic duct damage with chyle leakage from the lymphatic system into the pleural space, usually on the right side. It has multiple aetiologies and is usually discovered after it manifests itself as a pleural effusion. Diagnosis involves cholesterol and triglyceride measurement in the pleural fluid. Complications include malnutrition, immunosuppression and respiratory distress. Treatment may be either conservative or aggressive depending on the clinical scenario. In this review, we discuss the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of chylothorax. English language publications in MEDLINE and references from relevant articles from January 1, 1980 to February 28, 2008 were reviewed. Keywords searched were chylothorax, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: central venous catheters (access, care, diagnosis and therapy of complications).

            When planning parenteral nutrition (PN), the proper choice, insertion, and nursing of the venous access are of paramount importance. In hospitalized patients, PN can be delivered through short-term, non-tunneled central venous catheters, through peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC), or - for limited period of time and with limitation in the osmolarity and composition of the solution - through peripheral venous access devices (short cannulas and midline catheters). Home PN usually requires PICCs or - if planned for an extended or unlimited time - long-term venous access devices (tunneled catheters and totally implantable ports). The most appropriate site for central venous access will take into account many factors, including the patient's conditions and the relative risk of infective and non-infective complications associated with each site. Ultrasound-guided venepuncture is strongly recommended for access to all central veins. For parenteral nutrition, the ideal position of the catheter tip is between the lower third of the superior cava vein and the upper third of the right atrium; this should preferably be checked during the procedure. Catheter-related bloodstream infection is an important and still too common complication of parenteral nutrition. The risk of infection can be reduced by adopting cost-effective, evidence-based interventions such as proper education and specific training of the staff, an adequate hand washing policy, proper choices of the type of device and the site of insertion, use of maximal barrier protection during insertion, use of chlorhexidine as antiseptic prior to insertion and for disinfecting the exit site thereafter, appropriate policies for the dressing of the exit site, routine changes of administration sets, and removal of central lines as soon as they are no longer necessary. Most non-infective complications of central venous access devices can also be prevented by appropriate, standardized protocols for line insertion and maintenance. These too depend on appropriate choice of device, skilled implantation and correct positioning of the catheter, adequate stabilization of the device (preferably avoiding stitches), and the use of infusion pumps, as well as adequate policies for flushing and locking lines which are not in use.
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              Clinical approach and review of causes of a chylothorax

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                December 2020
                : 37
                : 6
                : 1281-1284
                Affiliations
                [2] Oviedo Asturias orgnameInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación en Endocrinología, Nutrición, Diabetes y Obesidad Spain
                [1] Oviedo Asturias orgnameHospital Universitario Central de Asturias orgdiv1Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112020000800024 S0212-1611(20)03700600024
                10.20960/nh.03205
                8a7137a0-b1dc-4893-953d-aa6a2c0b7a34

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 June 2020
                : 14 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Notas Clínicas

                Nutrithorax,Parenteral nutrition,Pleural effusion,Nutrición parenteral,Quilotórax,Chylothorax,Derrame pleural,Acceso venoso central,Central venous catheter,Nutritórax

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