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      QUALITY OF LIFE, PAIN, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS SURGICALLY TREATED WITH CANCER OF RECTUM Translated title: Qualidade de vida, dor, depressão e ansiedade em pacientes operados por câncer de reto

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          Abstract

          Background

          The rectum cancer is associated with high rates of complications and morbidities with great impact on the lives of affected individuals.

          Aim

          To evaluate quality of life, pain, anxiety and depression in patients treated for medium and lower rectum cancer, submitted to surgical intervention.

          Methods

          A descriptive cross-sectional study. Eighty-eight records of patients with medium and lower rectum cancer, submitted to surgical intervention were selected, and enrolled. Forty-seven patients died within the study period, and the other 41 were studied. Question forms EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CR38 were used to assess quality of life. Pain evaluation was carried out using the Visual Analogical Scale, depression and anxiety were assessed through Depression Inventories and Beck's Anxiety, respectively. The correlation between pain intensity, depression and anxiety was carried out, and between these and the EORTC QLQ-C30 General Scale for Health Status and overall quality of life, as well as the EORTC QLQ-CR38 functional and symptom scales.

          Results

          Of the 41 patients of the study, 52% presented pain, depression in 47%, and anxiety in 39%. There was a marking positive correlation between pain intensity and depression. There was a moderate negative correlation between depression and general health status, and overall quality of life as well as pain intensity with the latter. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between future depression perspective and sexual function, and also a strong positive correlation between depression and sexual impairments. A positive correlation between anxiety and gastro-intestinal problems, both statistically significant, was observed.

          Conclusion

          Evaluation scales showed detriment on quality life evaluation, besides an elevated incidence of pain, depression, and anxiety; a correlation among these, and factors which influence on the quality of life of post-surgical medium and lower rectum cancer patients was observed.

          Translated abstract

          Racional

          O câncer de reto está associado com altos índices de complicações e morbidade com grande impacto na vida dos indivíduos por ele acometidos.

          Objetivo

          Avaliar a qualidade de vida, dor, depressão e ansiedade em pacientes com câncer de reto médio e inferior, submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica com intenção curativa.

          Métodos

          Trata-se de estudo descritivo, transversal. Foram selecionados inicialmente 88 prontuários de pacientes com câncer de reto médio e inferior submetidos à operação radical. Destes, 47 faleceram no período e os 41 remanescentes foram convocados para o estudo. Avaliouse a qualidade de vida pelos questionários EORTC QLQ-C30 e O EORTC QLQ-CR38, e a dor através da Escala Visual Analógica; para depressão e ansiedade utilizaram-se os Inventários de Depressão e Ansiedade de Beck respectivamente. Foi feita a correlação entre intensidade da dor, depressão, ansiedade entre estes e a Escala de Estado Geral de Saúde e Qualidade de Vida Global do EORTC QLQ-C30, além das escalas funcionais e de sintomas do EORTC QLQ-CR38.

          Resultados

          Dos 41 pacientes que compareceram, 52% apresentaram dor, 47% depressão e 39% ansiedade. Houve correlação positiva forte entre intensidade dolorosa e depressão, correlação negativa moderada entre depressão e estado geral de saúde e qualidade de vida global, e desta com a intensidade dolorosa. Houve correlação negativa estatisticamente significante entre depressão perspectiva futura e função sexual, assim como correlação positiva forte entre depressão e problemas sexuais. Observou-se correlação positiva entre ansiedade e problemas gastrointestinais e sexuais, ambos estatisticamente significantes.

          Conclusão

          Houve prejuízo nas escalas de avaliação da qualidade de vida. Além da alta prevalência de dor, depressão e ansiedade, observou-se correlações entre estes e fatores que influenciam a qualidade de vida dos portadores de câncer de reto médio e inferior após a operação.

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          Most cited references55

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          Validation of a Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Brazilian subjects.

          We have validated a Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) tests by obtaining profiles for three Brazilian samples: 270 university students, 117 panic patients and 30 depressed patients. The mean BDI scores were higher for depressed patients (25.2 +/- 12.6), intermediate for anxious patients (15.8 +/- 10.3) and lower for students (8.5 +/- 7.0). Mean STAI scores for anxious (52.8 +/- 11.4) and depressed patients (56.4 +/- 10.5) were higher than for the student sample (40.7 +/- 8.6). BDI and STAI scores were correlated significantly in all samples. The internal consistency of the Portuguese version of BDI is in agreement with the literature (0.81 for students and 0.88 for depressed patients). The present data demonstrate that the psychometric properties of the Portuguese versions of the BDI and STAI are comparable to the original English language versions of these questionnaires, thereby indicating their use in clinical situations.
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            The construction and testing of the EORTC colorectal cancer-specific quality of life questionnaire module (QLQ-CR38). European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Study Group on Quality of Life.

            The objectives of the current study were to construct a colorectal cancer-specific quality of life (QL) questionnaire module to be used in conjunction with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 and to test its reliability and validity in The Netherlands. Module construction took place following the EORTC guidelines for module development. The module--the QLQ-CR38--consists of 38 items covering symptoms and side-effects related to different treatment modalities, body image, sexuality and future perspective. This module was tested among 117 colorectal cancer patients on several occasions. The timing was prior to treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, during treatment and 3 months following the second assessment. For purposes of test-retest reliability, a subsample of patients completed the QLQ-CR38 1 week following the third assessment. Multitrait scaling analysis confirmed the hypothesised scale structure of the function scales but not of the symptom scales. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for seven of the nine scales exceeded the 0.70 criterion at one or both assessments. The test-retest reliability for all scales and one single item was 0.78 or higher. The stability of the two remaining single items was lower. On the basis of known-groups comparisons, selective scales distinguished clearly between patients differing in disease stage, initial and on-treatment performance status and the presence of a stoma. Additionally, selective scales detected change over time as a function of change in performance status and treatment-induced change. These results lend support to the clinical validity of the QLQ-CR38 as a supplementary questionnaire for assessing specific QL issues relevant to patients with colorectal cancer. Additional efforts to test the module's cross-cultural validity are needed.
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              A meta-analysis of quality of life for abdominoperineal excision of rectum versus anterior resection for rectal cancer.

              Avoiding a permanent stoma following rectal cancer excision is believed to improve quality of life (QoL), but evidence from comparative studies is contradictory. The aim of this study was to compare QoL following abdominoperineal excision of rectum (APER) with that after anterior resection (AR) in patients with rectal cancer. A literature search was performed to identify studies published between 1966 and 2006 comparing values of QoL following APER and AR. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to combine the data. Sensitivity analyses were performed for larger studies, those of higher quality and those using self-administered QoL questionnaires. The outcomes for 1,443 patients from 11 studies, of whom 486 (33%) underwent APER, were included. QoL assessments were made at periods of up to 2 years following surgery. There was no significant difference in global health scores between APER and AR. Vitality (WMD -9.82; 95% CI -27.01, -2.04, P = 0.01) and sexual function (WMD -2.73; 95% CI -4.93, -0.64, P = 0.01) were improved in the AR patients. Patients with low AR had improved physical function scores in comparison with APER patients (WMD -4.67; 95% CI -9.10, -0.23; P = 0.004). Cognitive (WMD 3.57; 95% CI 1.41, 5.73; P < 0.001) and emotional function scores (WMD 3.51; 95% CI 1.40, 5.62; P < 0.001) were higher for APER patients. Overall, when comparing APER with AR, we identified no differences in general QoL following the procedures. Individualisation of care for rectal cancer patients is essential, but a policy of avoidance of APER cannot currently be justified on the grounds of QoL alone.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian Archives of Digestive Surgery
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva
                0102-6720
                2317-6326
                Apr-Jun 2014
                Apr-Jun 2014
                : 27
                : 2
                : 96-100
                Affiliations
                [01] Study carried out in the Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão Institute of Oncology, Hospital Aldenora Bello, and in the Oncology Unit Dr. Raymundo Matos Serrão, Hospital Dr. Tarquínio Lopes Filho, São Luis, MA, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Letácio José Freire Santos. E-mail: letaciofreire@ 123456icloud.com
                Article
                10.1590/S0102-67202014000200003
                4678670
                25004285
                8a894a28-7371-4740-a056-49c06e023020

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 01 December 2013
                : 18 February 2014
                Categories
                Original Article

                cancer,pain,life quality,depression,anxiety
                cancer, pain, life quality, depression, anxiety

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