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      Comparison of conventional hamstring/quadriceps ratio between genders in level-matched soccer players Translated title: Comparación del ratio de fuerza convencional isquiotibial/cuádriceps entre jugadores de fútbol de niveles similares de ambos sexos Translated title: Comparação da relação de força convencional entre isquiotibiais/quadríceps entre jogadores de futebol com níveis semelhantes, de ambos os sexos

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objectives: The main goal of our study is to compare the hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio at different knee angles between level-matched male and female soccer players and to determine whether differences in the H/Q ratio exist between the dominant and the non-dominant leg. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to compare an isometric H/Q ratio and functional isokinetic ratio (between hamstring in eccentric contraction and quadriceps in concentric contraction) between males (n = 14) and females (n = 14). These ratios were studied at two different speeds of movement (60° s−1 and 180° s−1) and in five different positions (40°, 50°, 60°, 70° and 80° degrees of knee flexion). Results: Our results showed no differences in the H/Q ratio between genders. The ratio in the dominant leg showed an average of 9% higher values. The ratios were an average of 53.4% lower in positions near flexion than in positions near extension. Conclusions: For both men and women, the results showed lower ratios in the non-dominant leg compared to the dominant leg. At higher velocities, the force ratios were higher, while in more knee-flexed positions, the ratios were lower. Finally, we did not find differences in ratios between men and women.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivos: El objetivo principal del estudio es comparar el ratio de fuerza isquiotibial/cuádriceps (ratio H/Q) en diferentes ángulos de rodilla entre jugadores de fútbol de niveles similares y determinar si existen diferencias en dicho ratio entre la pierna dominante y la no dominante. Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño transversal para comparar el ratio isométrico H/Q y el ratio funcional isocinético (ratio entre la fuerza durante una contracción excéntrica de isquiotibial y la fuerza durante una contracción concéntrica de cuádriceps) entre hombres (n = 14) y mujeres (n = 14). Estos ratios se estudiaron en dos velocidades (60° s−1 y 180° s−1) y en 5 posiciones diferentes (40, 50, 60, 70 y 80 grados de flexión de rodilla). Resultados: Nuestros resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en el ratio H/Q entre sexos. El ratio en la pierna dominante mostró valores un 9% más altos que en la pierna no dominante. Los ratios fueron de media un 53.4% más bajos en posiciones cercanas a la flexión que en posiciones cercanas a la extensión. Conclusiones: Para ambos sexos los resultados mostraron ratios más bajos en la pierna no dominante comparado con la pierna dominante. A velocidades superiores, los ratios de fuerza fueron mayores, mientras que en posiciones de mayor flexión de rodilla los ratios fueron menores. Por último, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los ratios entre hombres y mujeres.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivos: O principal objetivo do nosso estudo é comparar a relação de força entre Isquiotibiais/Quadríceps (H/Q) em diferentes ângulos do joelho entre jogadores de futebol (masculino e feminino) de níveis semelhantes para determinar se existem diferenças na relação entre H/Q entre o membro dominante e a não-dominante. Método: U estudo de delineamento transversal foi utilizado para comparar a relação isométrica entre H/Q e isocinética funcional (razão entre a força dos isquiotibiais em contração excêntrica e do quadríceps em contração concêntrica, durante a extensão do joelho) entre homens (n = 14) e mulheres (n = 14). Estas razões foram estudadas em duas velocidades diferentes de movimento (60°/s e 180°/s) e em cinco posições diferentes (por exemplo 40, 50, 60, 70, e 80 graus de flexão do joelho). Resultados: Os resultados não mostraram diferenças significativas na relação H/Q entre os sexos. A relação da perna dominante mostrou valores médios de 9% mais elevados em relação a perna não dominante. As proporções foram, em média, 53,4% menor em posições próximas a flexão do que em posições perto da extensão. Conclusões: Para ambos os sexos, os resultados mostram razões mais baixas no membro não dominante em comparação com a dominante. À velocidade mais elevadas, as relações de força foram superiores, enquanto que em maiores flexões de joelho as relações foram menores. Finalmente, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas proporções entre homens e mulheres.

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          Non-contact ACL injuries in female athletes: an International Olympic Committee current concepts statement.

          The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury remains high in young athletes. Because female athletes have a much higher incidence of ACL injuries in sports such as basketball and team handball than male athletes, the IOC Medical Commission invited a multidisciplinary group of ACL expert clinicians and scientists to (1) review current evidence including data from the new Scandinavian ACL registries; (2) critically evaluate high-quality studies of injury mechanics; (3) consider the key elements of successful prevention programmes; (4) summarise clinical management including surgery and conservative management; and (5) identify areas for further research. Risk factors for female athletes suffering ACL injury include: (1) being in the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle compared with the postovulatory phase; (2) having decreased intercondylar notch width on plain radiography; and (3) developing increased knee abduction moment (a valgus intersegmental torque) during impact on landing. Well-designed injury prevention programmes reduce the risk of ACL for athletes, particularly women. These programmes attempt to alter dynamic loading of the tibiofemoral joint through neuromuscular and proprioceptive training. They emphasise proper landing and cutting techniques. This includes landing softly on the forefoot and rolling back to the rearfoot, engaging knee and hip flexion and, where possible, landing on two feet. Players are trained to avoid excessive dynamic valgus of the knee and to focus on the "knee over toe position" when cutting.
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            Hamstring injury occurrence in elite soccer players after preseason strength training with eccentric overload

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              Primary immunolocalization of estrogen and progesterone target cells in the human anterior cruciate ligament.

              To identify estrogen and progesterone target cells in the human anterior cruciate ligament immunohistochemical localization of both estrogen and progesterone receptors was performed in 17 specimens of human anterior cruciate ligament. All ligament specimens were obtained at surgery. Thirteen specimens were from women, and four were from men: the average age was 57 years (range, 18-78 years). Eleven specimens (from nine women and two men) came from total knee replacements for osteoarthritis of the knee: three (from two women and one man), from reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament: two (both from women), from medial meniscectomies; and one (from a man), from an amputation secondary to chondrosarcoma of the pelvis. An immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies to the estrogen and progesterone receptors was employed to identify estrogen and progesterone target cells in the anterior cruciate ligament. Staining of both receptors was demonstrable in 14 specimens and in the remaining three specimens less than 15% of the cells were stained. Both estrogen and progesterone receptors were localized to synoviocytes in the synovial lining, fibroblasts in the anterior cruciate ligament stroma and cells in the blood vessel walls of the ligament. This demonstration of receptors for estrogen and progesterone in the cells of anterior cruciate ligament suggests that female sex hormones may have an effect on its structure and composition.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ramd
                Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte
                Rev Andal Med Deporte
                Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte (Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain )
                1888-7546
                2172-5063
                2017
                : 10
                : 1
                : 14-18
                Affiliations
                [2] Valencia Valencia orgnameUniversitat de Valencia orgdiv1Department of Physiotherapy Spain
                [1] Valencia Valencia orgnameUniversitat de Valencia orgdiv1Department of Physical Education and Sport Spain
                [3] Seville Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Sevilla orgdiv1Department of Physical Education and Sport Spain
                [4] Valencia Valencia orgnameUniversidad Católica de Valencia orgdiv1Department of Physical Education Spain
                Article
                S1888-75462017000100014 S1888-7546(17)01000100014
                10.1016/j.ramd.2015.05.002
                8aaf3fbb-2513-4f76-97ba-dd87bd25289d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 May 2015
                : 12 May 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Articles

                Muscular imbalance,Futebol,Ratios de fuerza,Relações de força,Injury risk,Momento de força,Soccer,Strength ratios,Desequilibrio muscular,Força isocinética,Desequilíbrio muscular,Torque,Momento de fuerza,Riesgo de lesión,Isokinetic strength,Fútbol,Risco de lesões,Fuerza isocinética

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