The relationship between anxiety about prostate cancer among patients with biochemical cancer recurrence and the use of complementary and alternative medicines, diet, and exercise

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Abstract

Objective: We aimed to explore associations between anxiety and specific health behaviors such as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), diet, and exercise among prostate cancer patients.

Methods: PCa patients enrolled in a prospective cohort study of men with biochemical cancer recurrence were surveyed about use of CAM, diet, and exercise. Anxiety was measured with the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC) and the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results: Nearly 70% (44 of 67) of the original cohort of patients completed the supplementary CAM survey. The mean age was 68 years. Eighty percent of respondents reported engaging in a relevant health behavior, and 64% reported doing so in direct response to their PCa diagnosis. Overall, the most prevalent specific behaviors were exercising (56%), making dietary changes (50%), taking calcium supplements (41%), and taking vitamin D supplements (39%). Elevated baseline PCa-specific anxiety (MAX-PC score >16) after biochemical cancer recurrence was associated with use of any CAM ( P=0.01), use of herbs/supplements ( P=0.01), and dietary changes ( P=0.04).

Conclusion: PCa patients commonly use CAM, dietary changes, and exercise in response to their diagnosis, and these changes are associated with elevated general and PCa-specific anxiety.

Most cited references 45

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How many cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine: a systematic review and metaanalysis.

Markus Horneber, Gerd Bueschel, Gabriele Dennert … (2012)

No comprehensive systematic review has been published since 1998 about the frequency with which cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). MEDLINE, AMED, and Embase databases were searched for surveys published until January 2009. Surveys conducted in Australia, Canada, Europe, New Zealand, and the United States with at least 100 adult cancer patients were included. Detailed information on methods and results was independently extracted by 2 reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using a criteria list developed according to the STROBE guideline. Exploratory random effects metaanalysis and metaregression were applied. Studies from 18 countries (152; >65 000 cancer patients) were included. Heterogeneity of CAM use was high and to some extent explained by differences in survey methods. The combined prevalence for "current use" of CAM across all studies was 40%. The highest was in the United States and the lowest in Italy and the Netherlands. Metaanalysis suggested an increase in CAM use from an estimated 25% in the 1970s and 1980s to more than 32% in the 1990s and to 49% after 2000. The overall prevalence of CAM use found was lower than often claimed. However, there was some evidence that the use has increased considerably over the past years. Therefore, the health care systems ought to implement clear strategies of how to deal with this. To improve the validity and reporting of future surveys, the authors suggest criteria for methodological quality that should be fulfilled and reporting standards that should be required.

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Physical activity and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Edward L. Giovannucci, Michelle Holmes … (2006)

Physically active individuals have a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer but the influence of exercise on cancer survival is unknown. By a prospective, observational study of 573 women with stage I to III colorectal cancer, we studied colorectal cancer-specific and overall mortality according to predefined physical activity categories before and after diagnosis and by change in activity after diagnosis. To minimize bias by occult recurrences, we excluded women who died within 6 months of their postdiagnosis physical activity assessment. Increasing levels of exercise after diagnosis of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer reduced cancer-specific mortality (P for trend = .008) and overall mortality (P for trend = .003). Compared with women who engaged in less than 3 metabolic equivalent task [MET] -hours per week of physical activity, those engaging in at least 18 MET-hours per week had an adjusted hazard ratio for colorectal cancer-specific mortality of 0.39 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.82) and an adjusted hazard ratio for overall mortality of 0.43 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.74). These results remained unchanged even after excluding women who died within 12 and 24 months of activity assessment. Prediagnosis physical activity was not predictive of mortality. Women who increased their activity (when comparing prediagnosis to postdiagnosis values) had a hazard ratio of 0.48 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.97) for colorectal cancer deaths and a hazard ratio of 0.51 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.85) for any-cause death, compared with those with no change in activity. Recreational physical activity after the diagnosis of stages I to III colorectal cancer may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer-specific and overall mortality.

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Physical activity and survival after prostate cancer diagnosis in the health professionals follow-up study.

Stacey Kenfield, Meir J. Stampfer, Edward Luciano Giovannucci … (2011)

To determine whether higher physical activity after prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis decreases risk of overall and PCa-specific death. We evaluated physical activity in relation to overall and PCa mortality among 2,705 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study diagnosed with nonmetastatic PCa observed from 1990 to 2008. Proportional hazards models were used to evaluate physical activity and time to overall and PCa-specific death. Among men who lived at least 4 years after their postdiagnosis physical activity assessment, we documented 548 deaths, 20% of which were a result of PCa. In multivariable analysis, men who were physically active had lower risk of all-cause mortality (P(trend) < .001) and PCa mortality (P(trend) = .04). Both nonvigorous activity and vigorous activity were associated with significantly lower overall mortality. Those who walked ≥ 90 minutes per week at a normal to very brisk pace had a 46% lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.54; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.71) compared with shorter durations at an easy walking pace. Men with ≥ 3 hours per week of vigorous activity had a 49% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.72). For PCa-specific mortality, brisk walking at longer durations was suggestively inverse but not statistically significant. Men with ≥ 3 hours per week of vigorous activity had a 61% lower risk of PCa death (HR, 0.39, 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.84; P = .03) compared with men with less than 1 hour per week of vigorous activity. Men exercising vigorously before and after diagnosis had the lowest risk. In men with PCa, physical activity was associated with lower overall mortality and PCa mortality. A modest amount of vigorous activity such as biking, tennis, jogging, or swimming for ≥ 3 hours a week may substantially improve PCa-specific survival.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): FMCH

Title: Family Medicine and Community Health

Abbreviated Title: FMCH

Publisher: Compuscript (Ireland )

ISSN (Electronic): 2009-8774

ISSN (Print): 2305-6983

Publication date (Print): July 2017

Publication date (Electronic): September 2017

Volume: 5

Issue: 2

Pages: 139-148

Affiliations

[1] ¹Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA

[2] ²Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

[3] ³Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

[4] ⁴Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

[5] ⁵Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

[6] ^†Joshua A. Hemmerich passed away suddenly before the completion of the manuscript.

Author notes

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Richard T. Lee, Associate Professor, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Director of Supportive and Integrative Oncology Seidman Cancer Center, Parker Hannifin-Helen Moss Cancer Research Foundation Professor of Integrative Oncology, Cleveland, OH, USA, Tel.: +1-216-3682415, E-mail: richard.t.lee@ 123456case.edu

Article

Publisher ID: FMCH.2017.0129

DOI: 10.15212/FMCH.2017.0129

SO-VID: 8abb64fa-71f4-424b-925f-75f331347965

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

The relationship between anxiety about prostate cancer among patients with biochemical cancer recurrence and the use of complementary and alternative medicines, diet, and exercise

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Abstract

Most cited references 45

How many cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine: a systematic review and metaanalysis.

Physical activity and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Physical activity and survival after prostate cancer diagnosis in the health professionals follow-up study.

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