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      Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) for imaging electrical conductivity of biological tissue: a tutorial review

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      Physics in Medicine and Biology
      IOP Publishing

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="P1">Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) is a noninvasive imaging method developed to map electrical conductivity of biological tissue with millimeter level spatial resolution. In MAT-MI, a time-varying magnetic stimulation is applied to induce eddy current inside the conductive tissue sample. With the existence of a static magnetic field, the Lorentz force acting on the induced eddy current drives mechanical vibrations producing detectable ultrasound signals. These ultrasound signals can then be acquired to reconstruct a map related to the sample’s electrical conductivity contrast. This work reviews fundamental ideas of MAT-MI and major techniques developed in these years. First, the physical mechanisms underlying MAT-MI imaging are described including the magnetic induction and Lorentz force induced acoustic wave propagation. Second, experimental setups and various imaging strategies for MAT-MI are reviewed and compared together with the corresponding experimental results. In addition, as a recently developed reverse mode of MAT-MI, magneto-acousto-electrical tomography with magnetic induction (MAET-MI) is briefly reviewed in terms of its theory and experimental studies. Finally, we give our opinions on existing challenges and future directions for MAT-MI research. With all the reported and future technical advancement, MAT-MI has the potential to become an important noninvasive modality for electrical conductivity imaging of biological tissue. </p>

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              Time reversal and its application to tomography with diffracting sources.

              An exact time-domain method is proposed to time reverse a transient scalar wave using only the field measured on an arbitrary closed surface enclosing the initial source. Under certain conditions, a time-reversed field can be approximated by retransmitting the measured signals in a reversed temporal order. Exact reconstruction for three-dimensional broadband diffraction tomography (a linearized inverse scattering problem) is proposed by time-reversing the measured field back to the time when each secondary source is excited. The algorithm is verified by a numerical simulation. Extension to the case using Green's function in a heterogeneous medium is discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Physics in Medicine and Biology
                Phys. Med. Biol.
                IOP Publishing
                0031-9155
                1361-6560
                September 21 2016
                September 21 2016
                August 19 2016
                : 61
                : 18
                : R249-R270
                Article
                10.1088/0031-9155/61/18/R249
                5056857
                27542088
                8ac1b195-e929-485b-ae79-c4a03344c4ec
                © 2016

                http://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining

                http://iopscience.iop.org/page/copyright

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0

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