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      Implantación del Comprehensive Medication Management en pacientes costarricenses con enfermedad renal crónica Translated title: Implementation of Comprehensive Medication Management in Costa Rican patients with chronic kidney disease

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Determinar los resultados de la implantación del Comprehensive Medication Management (CMM) brindada a los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) que asistieron al Servicio de Nefrología de un Hospital en Costa Rica. Métodos: Estudio cuali-cuantitativo mixto, observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo, en pacientes que asisten al consultorio de Atención Farmacéutica de un hospital, mediante el proceso asistencial CMM, análisis de resultados intermedios y preliminares de calidad de vida relacionada con salud (CVRS) mediante EQ 5D-5L. Resultados: En el estudio piloto 11 pacientes completaron la primera visita y 9 pacientes la tercera visita; se analizaron 45 condiciones clínicas, y se obtuvo una condición clínica resuelta, 20 estables, 10 con mejoría. Se identificaron 62 problemas farmacoterapéuticos (DTP por sus siglas en inglés), media 5,6/paciente. Respecto a la CVRS los discursos de los pacientes trasplantados renales indicaron una mejor valoración (movilidad, cuidado personal, actividades cotidianas, dolor/malestar), en comparación con pacientes ERC estadio 5 diálisis 5D (mayor afectación movilidad). La utilidad cambió de una media 0,64±0,12 a 0,72±0,12, la autopercepción de salud EQ VAS 68,18±23,58, a 87,22±8,53; y respecto a los años de vida ganados ajustados por calidad de vida AVAC con una diferencia de 2,54±2,99. Conclusiones: La implantación de CMM logró en la mayoría de las condiciones de salud una mejoría o mantener la estabilidad. La CVRS fue mejor para los pacientes trasplantados, en comparación con los pacientes ERC 5D. Los parámetros como la utilidad, AVAC y EQ VAS aumentaron.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: Determine implementation results of the Comprehensive Medication Management (CMM) offered to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who attended the Hospital Nephrology Service in Costa Rica. Methods: Mixed quantitative-qualitative, observative, descriptive and prospective study, in patients attending the Hospital Pharmaceutical Care Department through the CMM process, analysis of intermediate and preliminary results of health-related quality of life HRQOL using EQ 5D -5L. Results: Based on pilot study, 11 patients attended the first visit and 9 patients attended the third one. As result, 45 clinical conditions were analyzed, 1 of them was resolved, 20 were stable and 10 were improved. Total of 62 drug-therapy problems (DTP) were identified, with average of 5.6/patient. On regards to HRQOL, feedback obtained from kidney transplant patients indicated a better evaluation (mobility, personal care, daily activities, pain / discomfort), compared to CKD stage 5 5D dialysis patients (mobility impairment improvement). Utility measure reflected a change of 0.64±0.12 to 0.72±0.12, the health self-perception EQ VAS 68.18±23.58, to 87.22±8.53; and in terms of qualityadjusted life-year QALY, it showed a difference of 2.54±2.99. Conclusions: CMM implementation established in most health conditions improve or maintain patient stability. HRQOL was better for transplant patients compared to CKD 5D patients. Parameters such as utility, QALY, and EQ VAS were increased.

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          Clinical pharmacy activities in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients: a systematic literature review

          Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represent worldwide health problems with an epidemic extent. Therefore, attention must be given to the optimisation of patient care, as gaps in the care of CKD and ESRD patients are well documented. As part of a multidisciplinary patient care strategy, clinical pharmacy services have led to improvements in patient care. The purpose of this study was to summarise the available evidence regarding the role and impact of clinical pharmacy services for these patient populations. Methods A literature search was conducted using the Medline, Embase and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases to identify relevant studies on the impact of clinical pharmacists on CKD and ESRD patients, regarding disease-oriented and patient-oriented outcomes, and clinical pharmacist interventions on drug-related problems. Results Among a total of 21 studies, only four (19%) were controlled trials. The majority of studies were descriptive (67%) and before-after studies (14%). Interventions comprised general clinical pharmacy services with a focus on detecting, resolving and preventing drug-related problems, clinical pharmacy services with a focus on disease management, or clinical pharmacy services with a focus on patient education in order to increase medication knowledge. Anaemia was the most common comorbidity managed by clinical pharmacists, and their involvement led to significant improvement in investigated disease-oriented outcomes, for example, haemoglobin levels. Only four of the studies (including three controlled trials) presented data on patient-oriented outcomes, for example, quality of life and length of hospitalisation. Studies investigating the number and type of clinical pharmacist interventions and physician acceptance rates reported a mean acceptance rate of 79%. The most common reported drug-related problems were incorrect dosing, the need for additional pharmacotherapy, and medical record discrepancies. Conclusions Few high-quality trials addressing the benefit and impact of clinical pharmacy services in CKD and ESRD patients have been published. However, all available studies reported some positive impact resulting from clinical pharmacist involvement, including various investigated outcome measures that could be improved. Additional randomised controlled trials investigating patient-oriented outcomes are needed to further determine the role of clinical pharmacists and the benefits of clinical pharmacy services to CKD and ESRD patients.
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            Revisión de estudios sobre calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada en España

            Antecedentes: La enfermedad renal crónica avanzada (ERCA) tiene un gran impacto sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Cada vez es más frecuente el uso de esta variable en estudios en nuestro medio, aunque no se dispone de una revisión global sobre cómo se ha estudiado en población con ERCA española. Objetivos: Ofrecer una visión contrastada de los instrumentos de evaluación de la CVRS más usados en la población española con ERCA, analizando además la calidad de vida percibida por esta población. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura publicada sobre estudios realizados en España que hubieran empleado algún instrumento para medir la CVRS, genérico o específico, en pacientes con diferentes estadios de ERCA. Se excluyeron estudios en pacientes trasplantados renales cuando eran estudiados de forma independiente. La búsqueda se realizó en CINAHL, CUIDEN, DOCUMED, EMBASE, ERIC (USDE), IME, LILACS, MEDLINE, Nursin@ovid, PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science y TESEO. Resultados: Se han incluido en esta revisión 53 artículos publicados entre el año 1995 y el mes de mayo de 2014. La terapia sustitutiva renal es la variable con mayor frecuencia asociada al estudio de la CVRS, siendo la hemodiálisis la más estudiada. La mayoría de los estudios encontrados son transversales y el Short Form-36 Health Survey es el instrumento más usado. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los estudios muestra cómo la CVRS se ve afectada de forma importante en pacientes que reciben terapia sustitutiva renal. Estos resultados se muestran independientes del instrumento usado para medir la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y de otras variables asociadas a lo largo de los distintos estudios. La CVRS ha sido analizada especialmente en pacientes en hemodiálisis, con diseños fundamentalmente observacionales y con el Short Form-36 Health Survey. Se necesitan más estudios que aborden aspectos como la CVRS en la etapa prediálisis, así como estudios con muestras más grandes y diseños longitudinales, analíticos o experimentales.
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              Treatment adherence and perception in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a cross – sectional study from Palestine

              Background Adherence to diet recommendations, fluid restriction, prescribed medications, and attendance at hemodialysis (HD) sessions are essential for optimal and effective treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease. No data regarding this issue are available from Palestine. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess adherence to diet, fluid restriction, medications, and HD sessions. Methods A cross-sectional study of HD patients at An-Najah National University Hospital was carried out during summer, 2016. Self-reported adherence behavior was obtained using a valid and reliable questionnaire (End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire: ESRD-AQ). Predialytic serum levels of potassium and phosphate were obtained as clinical indicator of diet and medication adherence respectively. In addition, interdialytic body weight (IDW) was also obtained from medical records and analyzed in relation to reported adherence of fluid restriction. Results A total of 220 patients answered all questions pertaining to ESRD-AQ. The mean age ± standard deviation of participants was 56.82 ± 14.51 years. Dietary adherence was observed in 24% while that of fluid restriction adherence was observed in 31% of studied patients. Reported adherence to HD sessions was 52% while that for medications was 81%. Overall, 122 (55.5%) patients had good adherence, 89 (40.5%) had moderate adherence, and 9 (4.1%) had poor adherence behavior. Male patients had significantly higher overall adherence scores than females (p = 0.034). A significant correlation between reported diet adherence and serum pre-HD potassium level (p < 0.01) was observed. A significant correlation between reported fluid restriction adherence and IDW (p < 0.01) was also found. However, no significant correlation between reported adherence and pre-HD phosphate level. There was significant correlation between overall perception and overall adherence score (p < 0.001). Counselling of patients regarding importance of adherence modalities was lowest for “staying for the entire dialysis time”. Multivariate analysis indicated that elderly male patients who were city residents had higher odds of having higher adherence score. Conclusions There was a good percentage of patients who had overall moderate or poor adherence. ESRD-AQ could be used to assess some aspects of HD adherence. Counselling and education of patients on HD are important to improve therapeutic outcome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-017-0598-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                September 2022
                : 32
                : 3
                : 267-274
                Affiliations
                [1] San José orgnameCaja Costarricense de Seguro Social orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia orgdiv2Centro de Información de Medicamentos Costa Rica sorozcos6@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Zaragoza orgnameUniversidad de San Jorge orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud España
                Article
                S1699-714X2022000300010 S1699-714X(22)03200300010
                10.4321/s1699-714x20220003000010
                8af5d9ca-8412-40fb-ad10-5729378808ff

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 December 2020
                : 19 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
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                patient-centered care,Patient Preference (MeSH),health-related quality of life (HRQOL),renal insufficiency chronic,Gestión Integral de la Medicación,cuidado centrado en el paciente,calidad de vida relacionada con la salud,enfermedad renal crónica,Medication Therapy Management,preferencias del paciente

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