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      Seroprevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum infection among domestic sheep in Henan province, central China Translated title: Séroprévalence et facteurs de risque d’infection de Neospora caninum chez les moutons domestiques dans la province du Henan, Chine centrale

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      EDP Sciences
      Neospora caninum, seroprevalence, sheep, ELISA, central China

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          Abstract

          This study aimed to determine the frequency of antibodies to Neospora caninum in domestic sheep raised in Henan province, central China. Serum samples from 779 domestic sheep were collected from March 2015 to May 2016, and antibodies to N. caninum were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed an overall IgG positive rate of 7.32% (57/779). The risk factors significantly related to seropositivity to N. caninum in sheep were the age, the presence of dogs, and the rearing system. This is the first report of N. caninum infection and associated risk factors in domestic sheep in central China.

          Translated abstract

          Cette étude visait à déterminer la fréquence des anticorps contre Neospora caninum chez les moutons domestiques élevés dans la province du Henan, en Chine centrale. Des échantillons de sérum provenant de 779 moutons domestiques ont été prélevés entre mars 2015 et mai 2016, et les anticorps dirigés contre N. caninum ont été évalués à l’aide du test ELISA. Les résultats ont montré un taux global d’IgG positif de 7,32% (57/779). Les facteurs de risque significativement liés à la séropositivité à N. caninum chez les moutons étaient l’âge, la présence de chiens et le système d’élevage. Ceci est le premier rapport sur l’infection par N. caninum et les facteurs de risque associés chez les moutons domestiques en Chine centrale.

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          Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and dogs from Guarapuava farms, Paraná State, Brazil.

          Sheep and dog blood samples were collected from nine farms in the county of Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used to detect Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Herein, serum samples from 305 sheep were evaluated, being 29 (9.5%) and 157 (51.5%) seropositives to N. caninum and T. gondii, respectively. Seven (29.1%) and five (20.8%) out of 24 dogs were seropositives to N. caninum and T. gondii, respectively. There were no differences among the sheep serology for N. caninum and reproductive problems, management and animal feeding variables, neurological problems and presence of other animals species on the farm (P>or=0.05). The simultaneous frequency of antibodies between N. caninum and T. gondii was 5.2% in the herds. Age, breed, farm size, semi-intensive activity, mineral salt supplementation, water origin, stage of the pregnancy when reproduction problems occurred, neurological problems in lambs, presence of rodents in the food room and pasture cat access were identified as associated factors for the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in sheep (P or=0.05). The present work is the first report on serum prevalence of N. caninum in sheep from the state of Paraná, Brazil.
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            Neospora caninum infection as a cause of reproductive failure in a sheep flock

            Neospora caninum has been detected only sporadically in cases of ovine abortion, and it has therefore traditionally been considered as an unimportant parasite in small ruminants. This study was carried out with the aim of identifying the pathogen causing serious reproductive problems on a commercial sheep farm. Sera from all rams and ewes tested negative for antibodies against Border disease virus, Schmallenberg virus and Coxiella burnetii, and infections by these agents were therefore ruled out. Nevertheless, seropositivity to N. caninum and/or Toxoplasma gondii was detected, although the seroprevalence was higher in the case of N. caninum. The percentage of lambings and the number of lambs per dam were significantly lower in ewes that were seropositive to N. caninum while no effect on these parameters was detected in ewes that were seropositive to T. gondii. There was also no evidence of infection by T. gondii in the foetal/lamb tissues analyzed by PCR and/or immunohistopathological techniques. On the contrary, the DNA of N. caninum was detected in 13 out of 14 foetuses/lambs descendant from dams seropositive to this parasite. Characteristic lesions caused by N. caninum and/or its antigen were also detected. Genotyping of the N. caninum DNA revealed only two closely related microsatellite multilocus genotypes. The results clearly demonstrate that infection by N. caninum was the cause of the low reproductive performance of this sheep flock.
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              Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in small ruminants in China.

              Little information is available about the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in sheep and goats in China. In the present investigation, the seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum infections in sheep and goats were investigated in Qinghai province, China between January 2012 and June 2013. A total of 1250 serum samples (600 sheep and 650 goats) collected from 8 administrative regions of Qinghai province, China were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of specific antibodies, and sera positive were subsequently confirmed with indirect fluorescent antibody test. Specific IgG against T. gondii were detected in 21.33% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.06-24.61%) (128/600) and 29.54% (95% CI: 26.03-33.05%) (192/650) and against N. caninum in 10.33% (95% CI: 7.9-12.77%) (62/600) and 7.23% (95% CI: 5.24-9.22%) (47/650) of the sheep and goats, respectively. The risk factors significantly associated with T. gondii and N. caninum seroprevalence were the presence of cats and dogs, the pasturing system, the herd size, the hygiene in the farms. The results of the present survey indicate that T. gondii and N. caninum infections are highly prevalent in sheep and goats in Qinghai province, China. This is the first time that antibodies to N. caninum have been detected in sheep and goats in China.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasite
                Parasite
                parasite
                Parasite
                EDP Sciences
                1252-607X
                1776-1042
                2018
                20 March 2018
                : 25
                : ( publisher-idID: parasite/2018/01 )
                : 15
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003 PR China
                [2 ] Henan Muxiang Veterinary Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000 PR China
                [3 ] Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003 PR China
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: zhangzhenchao525@ 123456163.com
                Article
                parasite170131 10.1051/parasite/2018019
                10.1051/parasite/2018019
                5859823
                29557776
                8b2f064c-669e-445d-a0aa-eae2ca66d13e
                © S. Wang et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2018

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 25 October 2017
                : 7 March 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Short Note

                neospora caninum,seroprevalence,sheep,elisa,central china
                neospora caninum, seroprevalence, sheep, elisa, central china

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