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      Recombinant Allergens in Structural Biology, Diagnosis, and Immunotherapy

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          Abstract

          The years 1988–1995 witnessed the beginning of allergen cloning and the generation of recombinant allergens, which opened up new avenues for the diagnosis and research of human allergic diseases. Most crystal and solution structures of allergens have been obtained using recombinant allergens. Structural information on allergens allows insights into their evolutionary biology, illustrates clinically observed cross-reactivities, and makes the design of hypoallergenic derivatives for allergy vaccines possible. Recombinant allergens are widely used in molecule-based allergy diagnosis such as protein microarrays or suspension arrays. Recombinant technologies have been used to produce well-characterized, noncontaminated vaccine components with known biological activities including a variety of allergen derivatives with reduced IgE reactivity. Such recombinant hypoallergens as well as wild-type recombinant allergens have been used successfully in several immunotherapy trials for more than a decade to treat birch and grass pollen allergy. As a more recent application, the development of antibody repertoires directed against conformational epitopes during immunotherapy has been monitored by recombinant allergen chimeras. Although much progress has been made, the number and quality of recombinant allergens will undoubtedly increase and keep improving our knowledge in basic scientific investigations, diagnosis, and therapy of human allergic diseases.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Int Arch Allergy Immunol
          Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol
          IAA
          International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
          S. Karger AG (Allschwilerstrasse 10, P.O. Box · Postfach · Case postale, CH–4009, Basel, Switzerland · Schweiz · Suisse, Phone: +41 61 306 11 11, Fax: +41 61 306 12 34, karger@karger.ch )
          1018-2438
          1423-0097
          4 May 2017
          4 May 2017
          : 172
          : 4
          : 187-202
          Affiliations
          Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
          Author notes
          *Correspondence to: Prof. Dr. Heimo Breiteneder, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, AKH-EBO-3Q, AT-1090 Vienna (Austria), E-Mail heimo.breiteneder@ 123456meduniwien.ac.at
          Article
          PMC5472216 PMC5472216 5472216 iaa-0172-0187
          10.1159/000464104
          5472216
          28467993
          8b2f8965-65b8-4c16-9772-d7eabcf4d08e
          Copyright © 2017 by S. Karger AG, Basel
          History
          Page count
          Tables: 3, References: 131, Pages: 16
          Categories
          Review

          Recombinant allergens,Clinical studies,Allergy immunotherapy,Vaccine development,Allergy diagnosis,Structural biology

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