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      Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates AflatoxinB 1-Induced Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress via Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in Broilers

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          Abstract

          Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) is a widely spread mycotoxin contaminates food and feed, causing severe oxidative stress damages and immunotoxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSPE), a natural antioxidant with wide range of pharmacological and medicinal properties. The goal of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of GSPE against AFB 1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress via NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. For the experiment, 240 one-day old Cobb chicks were allocated into four dietary treatment groups of six replicates (10 birds per replicate): 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + AFB 1 1mg/kg contaminated corn (AFB 1); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg (GSPE); 4. Basal diet + AFB 1 1 mg/kg + GSPE 250 mg/kg (AFB 1 + GSPE). The results showed that GSPE significantly decreased serum inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 induced by AFB 1. Similarly, GSPE + AFB 1 treated group revealed a significant decrease in mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the splenic tissue compared to the AFB 1 treatment group. In addition, western blotting results manifested that GSPE treatment normalized the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (p65) and the degradation of IκBα protein induced by AFB 1. Furthermore, GSPE enhanced the antioxidant defense system through activating the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling pathway. The mRNA and protein expression level of Nrf2 and its down streaming associated genes were noted up-regulated by the addition of GSPE, and down-regulated in the AFB 1 group. Taken together, GSPE alleviates AFB 1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage by inhibiting the NF-κB and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. Conclusively, our results suggest that GSPE could be considered as a potential natural agent for the prevention of AFB 1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Toxins (Basel)
                Toxins (Basel)
                toxins
                Toxins
                MDPI
                2072-6651
                07 January 2019
                January 2019
                : 11
                : 1
                : 23
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; dr.shahidali@ 123456hotmail.com (S.A.R.); lvhuisun@ 123456mail.hzau.edu.cn (L.S.); zhangniya@ 123456mail.hzau.edu.cn (N.-Y.Z.); lingzhao@ 123456webmail.hzau.edu.cn (Z.L.); chrisli@ 123456webmail.hzau.edu.cn (L.C.); wangshuai@ 123456mail.hzau.edu.cn (S.W.)
                [2 ]Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha 13736, Egypt; mahmoud.khalil@ 123456fagr.bu.edu.eg
                [3 ]Department of Biotechnology, Lasbela Univesity of Agriculture Water and Marine Science, Uthal, Balochistan 89250, Pakistan; drimranrajput@ 123456gmail.com (I.R.R.); vc@ 123456luawms.edu.pk (D.M.B.)
                [4 ]Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; farhan82@ 123456aup.edu.pk
                [5 ]College of veterinary medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; aftab.shaukat@ 123456webmail.hzau.edu.cn
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: qds@ 123456mail.hzau.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-278-728-1793
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9172-7827
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2848-6669
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-1269
                Article
                toxins-11-00023
                10.3390/toxins11010023
                6356337
                30621062
                8b3f7e65-ba0e-42de-8561-ff053d6f8ca2
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 05 December 2018
                : 02 January 2019
                Categories
                Article

                Molecular medicine
                aflatoxin b1,grape seed proanthocyanidin extract,immunotoxicity,nf-κb,oxidative stress,nrf2,broilers

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