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      Resveratrol and Omega-3 Fatty Acid: Its Implications in Cardiovascular Diseases

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          Abstract

          The present review aims at summarizing the major therapeutic roles of resveratrol and omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) along with their related pathways. This article reviews some of the key studies involving the health benefits of resveratrol and O3FAs. Oxidative stress has been considered as one of the most important pathophysiological factors associated with various cardiovascular disease conditions. Resveratrol, with the potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, has been proven to be a significantly protective compound in restoring the normal cardiac health. A plethora of research also demonstrated the reduction of the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension, and stroke, and their complications by O3FAs derived from fish and fish oils. This review describes the potential cardioprotective role of resveratrol and O3FAs in ameliorating the endoplasmic reticulum stress.

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          Most cited references55

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          Resveratrol and cancer: focus on in vivo evidence

          Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol that provides a number of anti-aging health benefits including improved metabolism, cardioprotection, and cancer prevention. Much of the work on resveratrol and cancer comes from in vitro studies looking at resveratrol actions on cancer cells and pathways. There are, however, comparatively fewer studies that have investigated resveratrol treatment and cancer outcomes in vivo, perhaps limited by its poor bioavailability when taken orally. Although research in cell culture has shown promising and positive effects of resveratrol, evidence from rodents and humans is inconsistent. This review highlights the in vivo effects of resveratrol treatment on breast, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. Resveratrol supplementation in animal models of cancer has shown positive, neutral as well as negative outcomes depending on resveratrol route of administration, dose, tumor model, species, and other factors. Within a specific cancer type, there is variability between studies with respect to strain, age, and sex of animal used, timing and method of resveratrol supplementation, and dose of resveratrol used to study cancer endpoints. Together, the data suggest that many factors need to be considered before resveratrol can be used for human cancer prevention or therapy.
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            Application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy and imaging.

            Recent developments in nanotechnology have provided researchers with new tools for cancer imaging and treatment. This technology has enabled the development of nanoscale devices that can be conjugated with several functional molecules simultaneously, including tumor-specific ligands, antibodies, anticancer drugs, and imaging probes. Since these nanodevices are 100 to 1,000-fold smaller than cancer cells, they can be easily transferred through leaky blood vessels and interact with targeted tumor-specific proteins both on the surface of and inside cancer cells. Therefore, their application as cancer cell-specific delivery vehicles will be a significant addition to the currently available armory for cancer therapeutics and imaging.
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              Pharmacology and therapeutics of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in chronic inflammatory disease.

              Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have well documented anti-inflammatory properties, and consequently therapeutic potential in chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we discuss the effects of n-3 PUFAs on various inflammatory pathways and how this leads to alterations in the function of inflammatory cells, most importantly endothelial cells and leukocytes. Strong evidence indicates n-3 PUFAs are beneficial as a dietary supplement in certain diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis; however for other conditions such as asthma, the data are less robust. A clearer understanding of the pharmacology of n-3 PUFAs will help to establish targets to modulate chronic inflammatory diseases. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/269653
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/69084
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/266990
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/98399
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/226868
                Journal
                Front Cardiovasc Med
                Front Cardiovasc Med
                Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
                Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2297-055X
                11 December 2015
                2015
                : 2
                : 38
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University , Assam, India
                [2] 2College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL, USA
                Author notes

                Edited by: Edward J. Lesnefsky, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA

                Reviewed by: James A. Stewart Jr., Mississippi State University, USA; Jun Yoshioka, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA

                *Correspondence: Siva Kumar Panguluri, spangulu@ 123456health.usf.edu

                Specialty section: This article was submitted to Cardiovascular Genetics and Systems Medicine, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

                Article
                10.3389/fcvm.2015.00038
                4675849
                26697434
                8b441cdb-dcae-4e8f-8277-a8771298f1cf
                Copyright © 2015 Kakoti, Hernandez-Ontiveros, Kataki, Shah, Pathak and Panguluri.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 27 July 2015
                : 19 November 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 78, Pages: 6, Words: 5062
                Funding
                Funded by: University of South Florida 10.13039/100008900
                Categories
                Cardiovascular Medicine
                Mini Review

                resveratrol,omega-3 fatty acid,oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress,cardiovascular diseases,coronary artery diseases

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