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      Estudio y detección de factores de riesgo en la infancia: un estudio retrospectivo a través del cuestionario LISMEN Translated title: Research study and identification of risk factors in childhood: a retrospective study through the LISMEN questionnaire

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Las relaciones de apego y la crianza en la infancia condicionan el desarrollo emocional y la aparición o no de trastornos mentales. Algunas experiencias adversas en la infancia se consideran factores de riesgo de salud en general y de salud mental en particular. Se sabe que dichas adversidades tienen un reflejo en el sistema fisiológico y provocan cambios epigenéticos en el ADN. Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo en una muestra de 29 pacientes ya diagnosticados de trastorno mental grave en la edad adulta, la mayoría hombres, de edad media de 25,2 años. Su finalidad es observar cuáles son los factores de riesgo encontrados con mayor frecuencia. Estos fueron: depresión y/o estrés de la madre durante el embarazo, separaciones tempranas y prolongadas de las figuras de cuidado, y padre emocionalmente ausente. Todos ellos afectan a los procesos de vinculación y relación dentro de la familia. Se concluye que este tipo de estudios son necesarios, ya desde la infancia, para detectar y prevenir alteraciones en las relaciones de apego que ocasionarán cambios emocionales y fisiológicos que condicionarán la salud mental de la persona.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Attachment relationships and upbringing during childhood condition emotional development and incidences of mental disorders or lack thereof. Some adverse experiences in childhood are considered general health risk factors and mental health risk factors in particular. Said adversities are known to be reflected in the physiological system and to provoke epigenetic changes in the DNA. A retrospective study was conducted in a sample of 29 patients who had been diagnosed with severe mental disorders during adulthood. The majority of them were male, and their average age was 25.2 years old. Risk factors found at higher rates were: mother's depression and/or stress during pregnancy, early and prolonged separations of care figures, and emotionally absent fathers. These adversities affect the processes of attachment and relationships within the family. We conclude that these kinds of studies are necessary, starting in childhood, to detect and prevent alterations in attachment relationships that will cause emotional and physiological changes that will condition the person's mental health.

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          Most cited references36

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          Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.

          Although significant associations of childhood adversities with adult mental disorders are widely documented, most studies focus on single childhood adversities predicting single disorders. To examine joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset of 20 DSM-IV disorders in World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys in 21 countries. Nationally or regionally representative surveys of 51 945 adults assessed childhood adversities and lifetime DSM-IV disorders with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Childhood adversities were highly prevalent and interrelated. Childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning (e.g. parental mental illness, child abuse, neglect) were the strongest predictors of disorders. Co-occurring childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning had significant subadditive predictive associations and little specificity across disorders. Childhood adversities account for 29.8% of all disorders across countries. Childhood adversities have strong associations with all classes of disorders at all life-course stages in all groups of WMH countries. Long-term associations imply the existence of as-yet undetermined mediators.
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            Childhood Adversities Increase the Risk of Psychosis: A Meta-analysis of Patient-Control, Prospective- and Cross-sectional Cohort Studies

            Evidence suggests that adverse experiences in childhood are associated with psychosis. To examine the association between childhood adversity and trauma (sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, neglect, parental death, and bullying) and psychosis outcome, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched from January 1980 through November 2011. We included prospective cohort studies, large-scale cross-sectional studies investigating the association between childhood adversity and psychotic symptoms or illness, case-control studies comparing the prevalence of adverse events between psychotic patients and controls using dichotomous or continuous measures, and case-control studies comparing the prevalence of psychotic symptoms between exposed and nonexposed subjects using dichotomous or continuous measures of adversity and psychosis. The analysis included 18 case-control studies (n = 2048 psychotic patients and 1856 nonpsychiatric controls), 10 prospective and quasi-prospective studies (n = 41 803) and 8 population-based cross-sectional studies (n = 35 546). There were significant associations between adversity and psychosis across all research designs, with an overall effect of OR = 2.78 (95% CI = 2.34–3.31). The integration of the case-control studies indicated that patients with psychosis were 2.72 times more likely to have been exposed to childhood adversity than controls (95% CI = 1.90–3.88). The association between childhood adversity and psychosis was also significant in population-based cross-sectional studies (OR = 2.99 [95% CI = 2.12–4.20]) as well as in prospective and quasi-prospective studies (OR = 2.75 [95% CI = 2.17–3.47]). The estimated population attributable risk was 33% (16%–47%). These findings indicate that childhood adversity is strongly associated with increased risk for psychosis.
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              Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                neuropsiq
                Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría
                Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiq.
                Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0211-5735
                2340-2733
                June 2020
                : 40
                : 137
                : 93-108
                Affiliations
                [2] Barcelona orgnameUniversidad de Barcelona orgdiv1Psicólogo Clínico España
                [1] Barcelona orgnameUniversidad de Barcelona España
                Article
                S0211-57352020000100006 S0211-5735(20)04013700006
                10.4321/s0211-57352020000100006
                8b4bd1b4-b099-476a-bc8e-1fb849cb4119

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 October 2019
                : 25 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                factores de riesgo,psicosis,apego,infancia,risk factors,psychosis,attachment,childhood

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