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      Informatização e validação do instrumento tarefas preditoras de otimismo em crianças - TAPOC Translated title: Computerization and validation of optimism predictor tasks in children (TAPOC) instrument Translated title: Informatización y validación del instrumento tareas predictoras de optimismo en niños (TAPOC)

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          Abstract

          Este estudo objetivou adaptar as Tarefas Preditoras de Otimismo em Crianças (TAPOC) para uso em tablet e investigar evidências de validade da versão informatizada. Além disso, investigaram-se o nível de otimismo das crianças avaliadas e possíveis diferenças entre os sexos, tipos de escolas e cidades. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas, informatização do instrumento e estudo de evidências de validade. Na primeira, participaram dois profissionais das Ciências da Computação, dois especialistas em Avaliação Psicológica e 10 crianças com características da amostra. Na segunda, a amostra foi composta por 238 crianças de quatro a 10 anos de idade (M = 7,24; DP = 1,6), sendo 133 crianças de Porto Alegre-RS e 105 de Teresina-PI de escolas públicas e privadas. A TAPOC-i apresentou consistência interna satisfatória e correlações significativas com os demais instrumentos. Identificou-se uma diferença significativa entre sexos. A análise fatorial confirmatória indicou que o modelo permaneceu unidimensional.

          Translated abstract

          This study aimed to adapt the Optimism Predictor Task in Children (TAPOC) into a to use in tablet and to investigate validity evidence of the computer-based version. Besides, sought to assess the optimism level of accessed children and possible differences between sex, type of school and cities. The study was carried out in two steps, computerization of the instrument and study of validity evidence. In the first, two professionals of Computer Science participated, two experts in Psychological Assessment and ten children with sample characteristics. In the second, the sample was composed by 238 children aged four to 10 years (M = 7.24, SD = 1.6), 133 from Porto Alegre-RS and 105 from Teresina-PI of public and private schools. The TAPOC-i showed satisfactory internal consistency (0.72) and significant correlations with other measures. It was identified a significant difference between sexs. Confirmatory factor analyze indicated that the model remained one dimensional.

          Translated abstract

          Este estúdio objetivó adaptar las Tareas Predictoras de Optimismo en niños (TAPOC) para uso en tablets e investigar evidencias de validez de la versión informatizada. Además, se investigó el nivel de optimismo de los niños evaluados y posibles diferencias entre el sexo, tipos de escuelas y ciudades. El estudio fue realizado en dos etapas, informatización del instrumento y estudio de evidencias de validez. En la primera, participaron dos profesionales de Ciencias Informáticas, dos especialistas en Evaluación Psicológica y 10 niños con características de la muestra. En la segunda, la muestra fue compuesta por 238 niños de cuatro a 10 años de edad (X = 7,24, DS = 1,6), siendo 133 niños de Porto Alegre-RS y 105 de Teresina-PI de escuelas públicas y privadas. En conclusión, TAPOC-i presentó consistencia interna satisfactoria y correlaciones significativas con los demás instrumentos. Se identificó una diferencia significativa entre los sexos. Un análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó que el modelo permaneció unidimensional.

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          Dispositional optimism.

          Optimism is a cognitive construct (expectancies regarding future outcomes) that also relates to motivation: optimistic people exert effort, whereas pessimistic people disengage from effort. Study of optimism began largely in health contexts, finding positive associations between optimism and markers of better psychological and physical health. Physical health effects likely occur through differences in both health-promoting behaviors and physiological concomitants of coping. Recently, the scientific study of optimism has extended to the realm of social relations: new evidence indicates that optimists have better social connections, partly because they work harder at them. In this review, we examine the myriad ways this trait can benefit an individual, and our current understanding of the biological basis of optimism. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Examination of the equivalence of self-report survey-based paper-and-pencil and internet data collection methods.

            Self-report survey-based data collection is increasingly carried out using the Internet, as opposed to the traditional paper-and-pencil method. However, previous research on the equivalence of these methods has yielded inconsistent findings. This may be due to methodological and statistical issues present in much of the literature, such as nonequivalent samples in different conditions due to recruitment, participant self-selection to conditions, and data collection procedures, as well as incomplete or inappropriate statistical procedures for examining equivalence. We conducted 2 studies examining the equivalence of paper-and-pencil and Internet data collection that accounted for these issues. In both studies, we used measures of personality, social desirability, and computer self-efficacy, and, in Study 2, we used personal growth initiative to assess quantitative equivalence (i.e., mean equivalence), qualitative equivalence (i.e., internal consistency and intercorrelations), and auxiliary equivalence (i.e., response rates, missing data, completion time, and comfort completing questionnaires using paper-and-pencil and the Internet). Study 1 investigated the effects of completing surveys via paper-and-pencil or the Internet in both traditional (i.e., lab) and natural (i.e., take-home) settings. Results indicated equivalence across conditions, except for auxiliary equivalence aspects of missing data and completion time. Study 2 examined mailed paper-and-pencil and Internet surveys without contact between experimenter and participants. Results indicated equivalence between conditions, except for auxiliary equivalence aspects of response rate for providing an address and completion time. Overall, the findings show that paper-and-pencil and Internet data collection methods are generally equivalent, particularly for quantitative and qualitative equivalence, with nonequivalence only for some aspects of auxiliary equivalence.
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              A new measure of children's optimism and pessimism: the youth life orientation test.

              Optimism and pessimism are positive and negative expectations linked with well-being in adults. Research on the importance of optimism and pessimism in children is limited by the lack of a developmentally appropriate measure of children's expectations. Based upon the Life Orientation Test-Revised (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994), the Youth Life Orientation Test (YLOT) is a sixteen-item self-report measure of children's optimism and pessimism. Reliability and validity of the YLOT was found with 204 3rd-6th graders. Optimism also predicted fewer child-reported depressive symptoms and parent-reported behavior problems assessed three months later. Pessimism predicted more child-reported anxiety symptoms and parent-reported social and academic deficits.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                avp
                Avaliação Psicológica
                Aval. psicol.
                Universidade São Francisco; Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia (Itatiba, SP, Brazil )
                1677-0471
                2175-3431
                2019
                : 18
                : 2
                : 183-191
                Affiliations
                [01] Porto Alegre RS orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
                [02] Canoas RS orgnameUniversidade LaSalle Brasil
                Article
                S1677-04712019000200010
                10.15689/ap.2019.1802.14242.09
                8b6127f3-4f3a-452f-a09d-e367f25dbc9c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 9
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                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia

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                crianças,optimism,computerized instrument,children,TAPOC,optimismo,instrumento informatizado,niños,otimismo

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