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      Robotic thoracic surgery for inflammatory and infectious lung disease: initial experience in Brazil Translated title: Cirurgia torácica robótica para doença pulmonar inflamatória e infecciosa: experiência inicial no Brasil

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          in Latin America, especially Brazil, the use of a robotic platform for thoracic surgery is gradually increasing in recent years. However, despite tuberculosis and inflammatory pulmonary diseases are endemic in our country, there is a lack of studies describing the results of robotic surgical treatment of bronchiectasis. This study aims to evaluate the surgical outcomes of robotic surgery for inflammatory and infective diseases by determining the extent of resection, postoperative complications, operative time, and length of hospital stay.

          Methods:

          retrospective study from a database involving patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis and undergoing robotic thoracic surgery at three hospitals in Brazil between January of 2017 and January of 2020.

          Results:

          a total of 7 patients were included. The mean age was 47 + 18.3 years (range, 18-70 years). Most patients had non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (n=5), followed by tuberculosis bronchiectasis (n=1) and lung abscess (n=1). The performed surgeries were lobectomy (n=3), anatomic segmentectomy (n=3), and bilobectomy (n=1). The median console time was 147 minutes (range 61-288 min.) and there was no need for conversion to open thoracotomy. There were no major complications. Postoperative complications occurred in one patient and it was a case of constipation with the need for an intestinal lavage. The median for chest tube time and hospital stay, in days, was 1 (range, 1-6 days) and 5 (range, 2-14 days) respectively.

          Conclusions:

          robotic thoracic surgery for inflammatory and infective diseases is a feasible and safe procedure, with a low risk of complications and morbidity.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo:

          na América Latina, especialmente no Brasil, a adoção da plataforma robótica para cirurgia torácica está aumentando gradativamente nos últimos anos. No entanto, apesar da tuberculose e doenças pulmonares inflamatórias serem endêmicas em nosso país, faltam estudos que descrevam os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico robótico das bronquiectasias. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os resultados cirúrgicos da cirurgia robótica para doenças inflamatórias e infecciosas, determinando a extensão da ressecção, complicações pós-operatórias, tempo operatório e tempo de internação hospitalar.

          Métodos:

          estudo retrospectivo a partir de um banco de dados envolvendo pacientes com diagnóstico de bronquiectasia e submetidos à cirurgia torácica robótica em três hospitais brasileiros entre janeiro de 2017 e janeiro de 2020.

          Resultados:

          foram incluídos 7 pacientes. A média de idade foi 47 + 18,3 anos (variação, 18-70 anos). A maioria dos pacientes apresentou bronquiectasia não fibrose cística (n=5), seguida de bronquiectasia tuberculosa (n=1) e abscesso pulmonar (n=1). As cirurgias realizadas foram lobectomia (n=3), segmentectomia anatômica (n=3) e bilobectomia (n=1). O tempo médio do console foi de 147 minutos (variação de 61-288 min.) e não houve necessidade de conversão para toracotomia. Complicação pós-operatória ocorreu em um paciente, tratando-se de obstipação com necessidade de lavagem intestinal. A mediana do tempo de drenagem torácica e internação hospitalar, em dias, foi de 1 (variação, 1-6 dias) e 5 (variação, 2-14 dias), respectivamente.

          Conclusões:

          a cirurgia torácica robótica para doenças inflamatórias e infecciosas é um procedimento viável e seguro, com baixo risco de complicações e morbidade.

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          Most cited references12

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          Loneliness and lack of social support severely influences patients' quality of life. Secondary findings from our focus group study in asthma and COPD patients

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            Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) of the lung: analysis of intraoperative and postoperative complications over 15 years and review of the literature.

            Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases has been used since the early 1990s, yet its impact on intraoperative and postoperative morbidity has not yet been fully evaluated. This report aims to provide a retrospective analysis of the literature and the authors' clinical experience with VATS in pulmonary surgery, with the goal of ascertaining rational criteria that explain operative complications and thus improve outcomes. Over a period of 15 years 1,615 VATS procedures were performed in our department, 743 of which involved only the lung. The accesses employed were based on the use of three ports through which a thoracoscope, endoscopic instruments, and an endostapler were inserted; for major pulmonary resections, a utility thoracotomy without rib spreader was added. Resections less than segmentectomy were performed using the endostapler directly on the parenchyma, whereas in the anatomic resections all the hilar structures were isolated and separately sectioned. The procedures performed were as follows: surgical biopsy, 98; wedge resection, 412; segmentectomy, 15; lobectomy, 217; pneumonectomy, 1. Besides the cases in which there were intraoperative complications that could be resolved thoracoscopically, it was necessary to convert to open surgery in 80 patients (10.8%): in 24 (3.3%), for general reasons linked to the technique of VATS itself; in 56 (7.5%), for specific causes correlated to the type of exeresis. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 8.3% with no deaths. The analysis of the literature and our experience show that VATS is a reliable approach to the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases with low complication rate. To further reduce intraoperative and postoperative morbidity, however, it is necessary to select the patients carefully, to adhere strictly to oncological surgical principles, and to adopt a meticulous technique. Although conversion to open surgery represents failure of VATS, it is mandatory when the procedure is not completely safe.
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              Robot-assisted lobectomy.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                On behalf of : TCBC-RJ
                On behalf of : ECBC-RJ
                On behalf of : TCBC-SP
                On behalf of : TCBC-SP
                Journal
                Rev Col Bras Cir
                Rev Col Bras Cir
                rcbc
                Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
                0100-6991
                1809-4546
                05 May 2021
                2021
                : 48
                : e20202872
                Affiliations
                [1 ] - Hospital São Rafael, Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica - Salvador - BA - Brasil
                [2 ] - Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia Torácica - São Paulo - SP - Brasil
                [3 ] - Rede D’Or - São Luiz, Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica - São Paulo - SP - Brasil
                [4 ] - Hospital Sírio Libanês, Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica - São Paulo - SP - Brasil
                [5 ] - Hospital Copa Star, Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brasil
                Author notes
                Mailing address: Pedro Henrique Cunha Leite E-mail: leite.pedrohc@ 123456gmail.com

                Conflict of interest: no.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-3324
                Article
                00215
                10.1590/0100-6991e-20202872
                10683415
                34008797
                8b8ec8b6-3787-46e1-8168-3a9626c8a466
                © 2021 Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 19 October 2020
                : 08 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 10
                Categories
                Original Article

                infectious lung disease,bronchiectasis,robotic surgery,thoracic surgery,doença pulmonar infecciosa,bronquiectasia,cirurgia robótica,cirurgia torácica

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