21
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Characterization of deepwater invertebrates at Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, Costa Rica

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The deepwater faunas of oceanic islands and seamounts of the Eastern Tropical Pacific are poorly known. From 11-22 September 2009, we conducted an exploration of the deepwater areas around Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, located about 50km southwest of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica using a manned submersible to survey the seafloor habitats. The goal of the exploration was to characterize the habitats and biota, and conduct quantitative surveys of the deepwater portions of Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas. We completed a total of 22 successful submersible dives, spanning more than 80hr underwater, and collected a total of 36hr of video. With respect to invertebrates, our objectives were to gather quantitative information on species composition, density, distribution and habitat associations as well as to compare the invertebrate communities between the two sites. A total of 7 172 invertebrates were counted from analysis of the video collected on this project. Larger organisms were counted and placed into 27 taxonomic groups to characterize the deepwater invertebrate fauna of Las Gemelas Seamount and Isla del Coco National Park. The Shannon-Weiner Index for biodiversity (H’) was calculated to be 0.14 ± 0.02 for Isla del Coco and 0.07 ± 0.03 for Las Gemelas surveys. Although richness was fairly equal between the two sites, evenness was greater at Isla del Coco (J = 0.04 ± 0.006) when compared to Las Gemelas (J = 0.02 ± 0.01). This lower level of evenness in the community at Las Gemelas was a result of high densities of a few dominant species groups, specifically sea urchins and black corals. We also evaluated invertebrate percent cover at both Isla del Coco and Las Gemelas Seamount with respect to habitat type, slope and rugosity. Results indicated that highly rugose habitats contained the highest frequencies of all invertebrates at both sites, with the exception of glass sponges and polychaetes at Isla del Coco, which were found in greater quantities at intermediate levels of rugosity. Information obtained from these submersible surveys indicate that seamounts in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean may be an important source of biodiversity and that more quantitative surveys are needed to characterize the fauna of the region.

          Translated abstract

          La fauna de aguas profundas de islas oceánicas y de montes submarinos del Pacífico Tropical Oriental son muy poco conocidas. Para caracterizar las faunas de aguas profundas del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco y el Monte Submarino Las Gemelas, Costa Rica, llevamos a cabo un estudio cuantitativo de los hábitats y su fauna. Se tomaron videos de transectos desde un sumergible entre 50 y 402m de profundidad del 11 al 22 de setiembre 2009. Se recolectó información cuantitativa de la composición de especies de invertebrados, densidad, distribución y hábitats asociados en ambas localidades y se comparó. Se contaron 7,172 invertebrados en los videos analizados, y se ubicaron en 27 categorías taxonómicas. El Índice de Shannon-Weiner (H’) fue de 0.14 ± 0.02 para la Isla del Coco y 0.07 ± 0.03 para Las Gemelas. La riqueza fue parecida en ambos sitios pero la equitabilidad fue mayor en la Isla del Coco (J = 0.04 ± 0.006) comparado con Las Gemelas (J = 0.02 ± 0.01). Este menor nivel de equitabilidad en Las gemelas de debió a la alta densidad de unos pocos grupos dominantes, específicamente erizos de mar y coral negro. También evaluamos el porcentaje de cobertura de los invertebrados con respecto a tipo de hábitat, pendiente y rugosidad del sustrato. Los resultados indican que hábitats con alta rugosidad contiene más invertebrados en ambos sitios, excepto la esponjas silíceas y los poliquetos en la Isla del Coco, que se encontraron en mayor cantidad en niveles intermedios de rugosidad. La información obtenida con este estudio indican que los montes submarinos en el Pacífico Tropical Oriental pueden ser una fuente importante de biodiversidad y que se necesitan más estudios cuantitativos para caracterizar la fauna de la región.

          Related collections

          Most cited references40

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The ecology of seamounts: structure, function, and human impacts.

          In this review of seamount ecology, we address a number of key scientific issues concerning the structure and function of benthic communities, human impacts, and seamount management and conservation. We consider whether community composition and diversity differ between seamounts and continental slopes, how important dispersal capabilities are in seamount connectivity, what environmental factors drive species composition and diversity, whether seamounts are centers of enhanced biological productivity, and whether they have unique trophic architecture. We discuss how vulnerable seamount communities are to fishing and mining, and how we can balance exploitation of resources and conservation of habitat. Despite considerable advances in recent years, there remain many questions about seamount ecosystems that need closer integration of molecular, oceanographic, and ecological research.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Diversity and endemism of the benthic seamount fauna in the southwest Pacific.

            Seamounts comprise a unique deep-sea environment, characterized by substantially enhanced currents and a fauna that is dominated by suspension feeders, such as corals. The potential importance of these steep-sided undersea mountains, which are generally of volcanic origin, to ocean biogeography and diversity was recognized over 40 years ago, but this environment has remained very poorly explored. A review of seamount biota and biogeography reported a total of 597 invertebrate species recorded from seamounts worldwide since the Challenger expedition of 1872. Most reports, based on a single taxonomic group, were extremely limited: 5 seamounts of the estimated more than 30,000 seamounts in the world's oceans accounted for 72% of the species recorded. Only 15% of the species occurring on seamounts were considered potential seamount endemics. Here we report the discovery of more than 850 macro- and megafaunal species from seamounts in the Tasman Sea and southeast Coral Sea, of which 29-34% are new to science and potential seamount endemics. Low species overlap between seamounts in different portions of the region indicates that the seamounts in clusters or along ridge systems function as 'island groups' or 'chains' leading to highly localized species distributions and apparent speciation between groups or ridge systems that is exceptional for the deep sea. These results have substantial implications for the conservation of this fauna, which is threatened by fishing activity.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Paradigms in seamount ecology: fact, fiction and future

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbt
                Revista de Biología Tropical
                Rev. biol. trop
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San José )
                0034-7744
                November 2012
                : 60
                : suppl 3
                : 303-319
                Affiliations
                [1 ] University of California Sea Grant Program and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories USA
                [2 ] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                [3 ] Alaska Department of Fish and Game Alaska
                Article
                S0034-77442012000800020
                8bb417b3-9752-42b0-a605-940595c62cdf

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7744&lng=en
                Categories
                Biodiversity Conservation
                Biology

                General life sciences,Animal science & Zoology
                Diversity surveys,seamounts,deepwater invertebrates,submersible observations,biodiversity,Encuestas sobre diversidad,montes marinos,invertebrados en aguas profundas,observaciones en sumergible,biodiversidad

                Comments

                Comment on this article