2
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Evaluation of autoantibodies and immunoglobulin G subclasses in women with suspected macroprolactinemia

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Macroprolactin mostly composed of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) and a monomeric prolactin (PRL) represents the major circulating PRL form in the patients with macroprolactinemia that are usually asymptomatic and may not require treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antithyroid and antinuclear antibodies, as well as the IgG subclass distributions in the patients suspected for macroprolactinemia.

          Methods

          From January to July in 2018, totally 317 patients with elevated PRL were subjected to the polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assay. The patients with recovery rates of ≤60% were subjected for IgG subclass determination and autoantibody testing including thyroid peroxidase antibody (aTPO), antithyroglobulin antibody (aTG), and antinuclear antibodies (ANA).

          Results

          The higher the post‐PEG PRL recovery rates, the less typical hyperprolactinemia symptoms and the higher prevalence of autoantibodies were observed. The IgG1 and IgG3 were the predominant subclasses in the PRL‐IgG complexes according to the immunoprecipitation experiments.

          Conclusion

          The patients with post‐PEG PRL recovery rates of <40% and 40%‐60% were likely to represent two distinct populations of different clinical presentations. The prevalence of autoantibodies and IgG subclasses distribution suggested their pathogenic significance in the development of macroprolactinemia.

          Abstract

          To evaluate the prevalence of associated autoantibodies, as well as the IgG subclass distributions in the patients suspected for macroprolactinemia, totally 317 patients with elevated prolactin were recruited for the initial screening with the polyethylene glycol precipitation assay. The patients with recovery rates of ≤60% were further subjected to IgG subclass determination and autoantibody testing including thyroid peroxidase antibody, antithyroglobulin antibody, and antinuclear antibodies, followed by proper statistical analysis.

          Related collections

          Most cited references50

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The epidemiology of prolactinomas.

          Prolactin-secreting tumors (prolactinomas), the most frequently occurring pituitary tumor, have a frequency that varies with age and sex. They occur most frequently in females aged 20 to 50 years old, at which time the female-to-male ratio is approximately 10:1. In the pediatric-adolescent age group, prolactinomas have a prevalence of 100/million population, and account for less than 2% of all intracranial tumors. Prolactinomas occur in approximately 30% of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and in this setting, they may be more aggressive than their sporadic counterparts. Patients with Carney complex or McCune-Albright syndrome may exhibit hyperprolactinemia due to a pituitary tumor derived from somatomammotropic cells that secrete both growth hormone and prolactin. Few familial cases of prolactinoma unrelated to MEN-1 are reported in literature.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Prolactin and Autoimmunity

            The great asymmetry of autoimmune diseases between genders represents one of the most enigmatic observations among the mosaic of autoimmunity. Sex hormones are believed to play a crucial role on this dimorphism. The higher prevalence of autoimmunity among women at childbearing ages, disease onset/relapses during pregnancy, and post-partum are some of the arguments that support this hypothesis. Certainly, motherhood represents one of the most remarkable challenges for the immune system, which not only has to allow for the conceptus, but also has to deal with complex endocrine alterations. Hormonal homeostasis is known to exert a crucial influence in achieving a competent and healthy immune system. Prolactin (PRL) has a bioactive function acting as a hormone and a cytokine. It interferes with immune system modulation, mainly inhibiting the negative selection of autoreactive B lymphocytes. Likewise, hyperprolactinemia has been described in relation to the pathogenesis and activity of several autoimmune disorders. Dopamine is an effective inhibitor of PRL secretion due to either a direct influence on the hypophysis or stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus, arousing the release of the PRL inhibitory factor. Hence, dopamine agonists have proven to offer clinical benefits among autoimmune patients and represent a promising therapy to be explored. In this review, we attempt to provide a critical overview of the link between PRL, autoimmune diseases, and motherhood.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas.

              Any process interfering with dopamine synthesis, its transport to the pituitary gland, or its action at the level of lactotroph dopamine receptors can cause hyperprolactinemia. As described in this article, considering the complexity of prolactin regulation, many factors could cause hyperprolactinemia, and hyperprolactinemia can have clinical effects not only on the reproductive axis. Once any drug effects are excluded, prolactinomas are the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia. The most frequent symptom is hypogonadism in both genders. Medical and surgical therapies generally have excellent results, and most prolactinomas are well controlled or even cured in some cases.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                zhaiyanhong2006@126.com
                zhengcao2011@hotmail.com
                Journal
                J Clin Lab Anal
                J Clin Lab Anal
                10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2825
                JCLA
                Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                0887-8013
                1098-2825
                29 June 2020
                November 2020
                : 34
                : 11 ( doiID: 10.1002/jcla.v34.11 )
                : e23456
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Laboratory Medicine Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
                [ 2 ] Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
                [ 3 ] Department of Gynecological Endocrinology Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
                [ 4 ] Reference Laboratory MedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd Ningbo China
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Yanhong Zhai and Zheng Cao, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing, China 100026.

                Email: zhaiyanhong2006@ 123456126.com (Y. Z.); zhengcao2011@ 123456hotmail.com (Z. C.)

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-3768
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0968-1864
                Article
                JCLA23456
                10.1002/jcla.23456
                7676205
                32597541
                8bcf9989-71ea-4a6f-bd53-04f4be591140
                © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 22 April 2020
                : 27 May 2020
                : 12 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Pages: 7, Words: 4889
                Funding
                Funded by: Specialized Youth Foundation Project of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University
                Award ID: FCYYQN‐201705
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                November 2020
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.9.4 mode:remove_FC converted:19.11.2020

                Clinical chemistry
                autoantibody,igg subclass,macroprolactinemia,peg,prolactin
                Clinical chemistry
                autoantibody, igg subclass, macroprolactinemia, peg, prolactin

                Comments

                Comment on this article