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      Efecto de un Programa de Estiramientos de la Musculatura Isquiosural en Futbolistas Translated title: Effect of Hamstring Stretching Program in Soccer Players

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          Abstract

          El objetivo fue determinar la influencia de un programa de estiramientos de la musculatura isquiosural en la extensibilidad de jugadores de fútbol. Un total de 17 futbolistas de 3 división (media de edad: 25,12 ± 4,16 años) y 19 sujetos sedentarios (media de edad: 24,26 ± 5,64 años) (grupo control) participaron voluntariamente en el estudio. El grupo de futbolistas realizó, durante un periodo de 16 semanas, un plan específico de estiramientos de la musculatura isquiosural, que fue incluido dentro de su plan de entrenamiento, realizando dos series de cuatro estiramientos en las cuatro sesiones semanales de entrenamiento. El grupo control estuvo compuesto por adultos jóvenes varones que no realizaban actividad física alguna. A todos ellos se les valoró la extensibilidad isquiosural al inicio del programa (pre-test), a las 8 semanas (test intermedio) y al finalizar el programa (16 semanas, post-test) mediante el test de elevación de la pierna recta activo (EPR). Se encontró una mejora significativa (p < 0,001) en los valores obtenidos por los futbolistas entre el pre-test y el post-test en ambos miembros (68,90 ± 9,04 y 77,80 ± 8,25 en la pierna derecha; 66,10 ± 8,15 y 77,10 ± 7,77 en la izquierda, respectivamente). También se encontraron diferencias entre la valoración intermedia y el post-test (p < 0,016). Respecto al grupo de sedentarios, los valores del EPR se redujeron paulatinamente entre las tres mediciones. En todas las valoraciones realizadas, los futbolistas alcanzaron valores angulares significativamente superiores respecto a los sujetos sedentarios. La implementación de un programa específico de estiramientos de la musculatura isquiosural, al finalizar las sesiones de entrenamiento, en jugadores de fútbol, produce mejoras en la extensibilidad de esta musculatura, reduciéndose los casos de jugadores con una extensibilidad isquiosural reducida.

          Translated abstract

          The objective was to determine the influence of hamstring stretching program on hamstring extensibility in soccer players. Seventeen amateur soccer players (mean age: 25.12 ± 4.16 years) and 19 sedentary subjects (control group) (mean age: 24.26 ± 5.64 years) were recruited. The soccer players group performed a hamstring stretching program during the four weekly training sessions for a period of 16 weeks. The stretching program included four exercises and each session consisted of 2 sets of each exercise. The control group did not participate in any hamstring-stretching or physical exercise program. Hamstring muscle extensibility was determined by active straight leg raise angle before (pre-test), at 8 weeks (intermediate-test) and after the 16 weeks (post-test) hamstring-stretching program. Significant improvements (p < 0.001) were found in SLR angles for the experimental group in post-test for both limbs (68.90 ± 9.04 and 77.80 ± 8.25 in the right leg; 66.10 ± 8.15 and 77.10 ± 7.77 in the left leg, respectively). The SLR values decreased between measures in sedentary subjects. Active straight leg raise values of the soccer players were significantly higher in all measures. This study indicates that a stretching program performed at finish of training sessions increases the hamstring extensibility in soccer players, reducing the frequency of players with reduced hamstring extensibility.

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          Most cited references41

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          Analysis of lumbar spine and hip motion during forward bending in subjects with and without a history of low back pain.

          This study analyzed two groups of subjects during forward bending. Group 1 (n = 20) contained subjects with a history of low back pain and Group 2 (n = 21) included subjects without a history of low back pain. The purposes of this study were to establish the amount and pattern of lumbar spine and hip motion during forward bending, and determine differences in motion in subjects with and without a history of low back pain. Reported values for lumbar spine motion during forward bending vary from 23.9 degrees to 60 degrees and hip motion during forward bending ranges from 26 degrees to 66 degrees. There has been no direct study of both lumbar spine and hip motion during forward bending in subjects with and without a history of low back pain to establish differences in total amounts or pattern of lumbar spine and hip motion during forward bending. A three-dimensional optoelectric motion analysis system was used to measure the amount and velocity of lumbar spine and hip motion during forward bending. Each subject performed three trials of forward bending that were averaged and used for statistical analysis. Hamstring flexibility was also assessed by two clinical tests, the passive straight leg raising and active knee extension tests. Mean total forward bending for all subjects was 111 degrees: 41.6 degrees from the lumbar spine and 69.4 degrees from the hips. There were no group differences for total amounts of lumbar spine and hip motion or velocity during forward bending. The pattern of motion was described by calculating lumbar-to-hip flexion ratios for early (0-30 degrees), middle (30-60 degrees), and late (60-90 degrees) forward bending. For all subjects, mean lumbar-to-hip ratios for early, middle, and late forward bending were 1.9, 0.9, and 0.4, respectively. Therefore, the lumbar spine had a greater contribution to early forward bending, the lumbar spine and hips contributed almost equally to middle forward bending, and the hips had a greater contribution to late forward bending. A t test revealed a difference between groups for the pattern of motion. Group 1 tended to move more at their lumbar spine during early forward bending and had a significantly lower lumbar-to-hip flexion ratio during middle forward bending (P < 0.01). Hamstring flexibility was strongly correlated to motion in subjects with a history of low back pain, but not in healthy subjects. The results provide quantitative data to guide clinical assessment of forward bending motion. Results also suggest that although people with a history of low back pain have amounts of lumbar spine and hip motion during forward bending similar to those of healthy subjects, the pattern of motion is different. It may be desirable to teach patients with a history of low back pain to use more hip motion during early forward bending, and hamstring stretching may be helpful for encouraging earlier hip motion.
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            Factors associated with increased propensity for hamstring injury in English Premier League soccer players.

            The aim of this study was to concurrently model the influence of a number of physical and performance parameters on subsequent incidence of hamstring injury in a squad of English Premier League soccer players. Thirty six healthy, male, elite, professional soccer players (age 22.6+/-5.2 years, height 1.81+/-0.08 m, mass 75.8+/-9.4 kg, lean mass 69.0+/-8.0 kg) were assessed during the first week of pre-season training for anthropometry, flexibility, lower limb strength and power, speed and agility. Over the subsequent 45 week competitive season all hamstring injuries were diagnosed and recorded. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to link individual physical and performance capabilities with propensity to sustain a hamstring injury. A model containing age, lean mass, non-counter movement jump (NCM) performance and active hip flexion range of movement (ROM) was significantly (p<0.05) associated with increased propensity for hamstring injury. Odds for sustaining an injury increased x 1.78 for each 1 year increase in age, x 1.47 for each 1cm increase in NCM and x 1.29 for each 1 degrees decrease in active range of hip flexion. Older, more powerful and less flexible soccer players are at greater risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. Support staff should identify such individuals and make appropriate interventions to minimise risk without compromising performance capabilities.
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              Seasonal variation in physiological fitness of a semiprofessional soccer team.

              The purpose of this study was to investigate seasonal variations in physiological fitness of semiprofessional soccer players over a 12-month period. Thirteen male players were tested 5 times over a 12-month period using bioelectrical impedance, a 20-m multistage fitness test, countermovement standing vertical jump, 15-m sprint test, Illinois agility test, and sit and reach test. Significant deconditioning was apparent in all fitness variables from end of season one season to prepreseason training of the next season. Aerobic fitness, vertical jump, percent body fat, agility, and sprint performance improved from prepreseason to midseason. Significant decreases in aerobic fitness and the cessation of significant increases in vertical jump, sprint, and agility performance were shown from midseason onward. No differences between the fitness components at the end of season one and the end of season two were identified. The deconditioning apparent in all fitness parameters during the off season, together with progressive improvement in most from postpreseason to midseason would support these parameters as sport-specific fitness requirements. Such improvements suggest that the short-term demands of playing and training in the first half of the season develop fitness and these trends are similar to those for professional players. Body fat was also shown to be detrimental to sprint performance throughout the 12-month period. Further research is needed to identify if the plateau in fitness from midseason is the result of attaining the required level of fitness, fatigue, allied training, or even relative success. Enhancing off-season training may enable yearly fitness increases by at least maintaining fitness levels for the next year's preseason.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ijmorphol
                International Journal of Morphology
                Int. J. Morphol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía (Temuco, , Chile )
                0717-9502
                September 2012
                : 30
                : 3
                : 1065-1070
                Affiliations
                [03] Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia orgdiv1Facultad de Educación España
                [02] Almería orgnameUniversidad de Almería orgdiv1Facultad de Educación España
                [01] Murcia orgnameUniversidad Católica San Antonio orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte España
                Article
                S0717-95022012000300049 S0717-9502(12)03000349
                10.4067/S0717-95022012000300049
                8bef7063-9d1b-4cd2-9433-a66a63377d7f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 June 2012
                : 08 November 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)

                Sport,Flexibility,Intervention program,Hamstring extensibility,Flexibilidad,Deporte,Programa de intervención,Extensibilidad isquiosural

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