Vaccines in Veterinary Medicine: A Brief Review of History and Technology

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Abstract

The use of vaccines in veterinary medicine has progressed from an experimental adventure to a routine and relatively safe practice. The common and aggressive use of efficacious vaccines has been responsible for the control and eradication of several diseases. Despite progress in research technologies, diagnostic capabilities, and manufacturing methods, there remain many infectious diseases for which no effective vaccines exist. Global availability, field compliance, effectiveness, and safety are also significant concerns. This review addresses the history, current practices, and potential future improvements of vaccine use in veterinary medicine.

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Most cited references 27

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Vaccines: correlates of vaccine-induced immunity.

Stanley Plotkin (2008)

The immune system is redundant, and B and T cells collaborate. However, almost all current vaccines work through induction of antibodies in serum or on mucosa that block infection or interfere with microbial invasion of the bloodstream. To protect, antibodies must be functional in the sense of neutralization or opsonophagocytosis. Correlates of protection after vaccination are sometimes absolute quantities but often are relative, such that most infections are prevented at a particular level of response but some will occur above that level because of a large challenge dose or deficient host factors. There may be >1 correlate of protection for a disease, which we term "cocorrelates." Either effector or central memory may correlate with protection. Cell-mediated immunity also may operate as a correlate or cocorrelate of protection against disease, rather than against infection. In situations where the true correlate of protection is unknown or difficult to measure, surrogate tests (usually antibody measurements) must suffice as predictors of protection by vaccines. Examples of each circumstance are given.

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Personalized vaccines: the emerging field of vaccinomics.

Inna G. Ovsyannikova, Jesse A. Poland, Elliott Jacobson (2008)

The next 'golden age' in vaccinology will be ushered in by the new science of vaccinomics. In turn, this will inform and allow the development of personalized vaccines, based on our increasing understanding of immune response phenotype: genotype information. Rapid advances in developing such data are already occurring for hepatitis B, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, anthrax and smallpox vaccines. In addition, newly available data suggest that some vaccine-related adverse events may also be genetically determined and, therefore, predictable. This paper reviews the basis and logic of personalized vaccines, and describes recent advances in the field.

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Duration of immunity for canine and feline vaccines: a review.

Harold Schultz (2006)

In our studies aimed at assessing the minimum duration of vaccinal immunity (DOI), approximately 1000 dogs have been vaccinated with products from all the major US veterinary biological companies. The DOI for the various products is determined by antibody titers for all dogs and, by challenge studies in selected groups of dogs. Recently, all major companies that make canine vaccines for the U.S. market have completed their own studies; published data show a 3 years or longer minimum DOI for the canine core products, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), and canine adenovirus-2 (CAV-2). Studies with feline core vaccines - feline parvovirus (FPV), calicivirus (FCV) and herpes virus type I (FHV-1) have shown a minimum DOI of greater than 3 years. Based on these results, the current canine and feline guidelines (which recommend that the last dose of core vaccines be given to puppies and kittens > or =12 weeks of age or older, then revaccination again at 1 year, then not more often than every 3 years) should provide a level of protection equal to that achieved by annual revaccination. In contrast, the non-core canine and feline vaccines, perhaps with the exception of feline leukaemia vaccines, provide immunity for < or =1 year. In general the effectiveness of the non-core products is less than the core products. Thus, when required, non-core vaccines should be administered yearly, or even more frequently.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Scott McVey

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract

Title: The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice

Publisher: Elsevier Inc.

ISSN (Print): 0195-5616

ISSN (Electronic): 1878-1306

Publication date PMC-release: 13 May 2010

Publication date (Print): May 2010

Publication date (Electronic): 13 May 2010

Volume: 40

Issue: 3

Pages: 381-392

Affiliations

[a ]School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, PO Box 830907, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USA

[b ]Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 232 Coles Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA

Author notes

[∗ ]Corresponding author. dmcvey2@ 123456unlnotes.unl.edu

Article

Publisher ID: S0195-5616(10)00023-9

DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.02.001

PMC ID: 7124274

PubMed ID: 20471523

SO-VID: 8bf28903-dd5f-42bc-969d-553fbd7e729b

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Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

Vaccines in Veterinary Medicine: A Brief Review of History and Technology

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Abstract

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Vaccines

Most cited references 27

Vaccines: correlates of vaccine-induced immunity.

Personalized vaccines: the emerging field of vaccinomics.

Duration of immunity for canine and feline vaccines: a review.

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