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      Vida productiva y principales causas de descarte de Vacas Holstein en la Cuenca de Lima

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          Abstract

          Se analizó los registros de 3,100 vacas Holstein que fueron descartadas de 10 establos lecheros de crianza intensiva en Lima durante los años 1990 a 1996 con el propósito de determinar la edad al primer parto, el número de lactancias y la vida productiva de los animales así como las principales causas de descarte. En el análisis se consideró el establo, el tamaño del hato (500 vacas, de 100 a 500 y <100 vacas) y el tipo de empresa (accionariado reducido y múltiple). Las causas de eliminación fueron agrupadas por problemas de fertilidad, de ubre, del aparato locomotor, peripartales, emergencia y otros. La edad al primer parto, el número de lactancias y la vida productiva fue de 28.6 ± 4.1 meses, 3.0 ± 2.0 y 42.9 ± 29.4 meses, respectivamente. No se encontró diferencias significativas por efecto de tamaño de establo (p0.05) con excepción de la edad al primer parto que fue menor en establos con más de 500 vacas (27.9 m, p<0.05). Los animales de los establos con accionariado múltiple tuvieron una mayor edad al primer parto, un mayor número de lactancias y un mayor tiempo de permanencia en el hato (p<0.05). Las distribución de las causas de descarte fueron: 52.7% por problemas reproductivos, 12.1% por problemas de ubre, 3.0% por problemas del aparato locomotor, 3.5% por problemas peripartales, 8.7% por motivos de emergencia y 19.9% por otras razones.

          Translated abstract

          Records of 3,100 culled Holstein cows from 10 dairy herds in the Lima valley during the period of 1990 till 1996 were analyzed to determine the age at first calving, number of lactations and length of the productive life as well as the main reasons for culling. In the analysis was considered herd size (500 cows, 100-500 and <100 cows) and type of farm (private and cooperative). Culling reasons were grouped in problems relating to fertility, udder, feet, calving, emergency, and others. The age at first calving, number of lactations and length of the productive life was 28.6 ± 4.1 months, 3.0 ± 2.0 and 42.9 ± 29.4 months, respectively. Statistical differences due to herd size was not found (p0.05) with the exception of age at first calving which was lower in herds with more than 500 cows (27.9 m p<0.05). Cows from cooperatives showed an older age at first calving, larger number of lactations and longer productive life (p<0.05). The main reasons for culling were: fertility (52.7%), udder (12.1%), feet (3.0%), calving (3.5%), emergency (8.7%), and others (19.9%).

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          Genetic parameters of longevity traits of an upgrading population of dairy cattle.

          Longevity reflects the ability of a cow to avoid being culled for low production, low fertility, or illness. Longevity could be used in breeding programs if genetic parameters were known. Various measures are used for longevity. In this study, lifetime measures including number of lactations, total milk production, number of days in lactation, herd life, and length of productive life were analyzed. Also analyzed were stayability measures (dead or alive) to 36, 48, 60, or 72 mo of age and to 12, 24, 36, or 48 mo of productive life. Measures of longevity were also analyzed after correction for milk production during first lactation (functional longevity traits). Data on 1,72,988 cows were used to calculate means for longevity traits per year of birth. All cows were known to have been culled. Longevity decreased from 1978 through 1984 and increased in 1985. Possible causes for the decrease of longevity were implementation of the quota system and introduction of Holstein genes. heritabilities of longevity traits were estimated for cows born in 1985 (38,957 records), 1982 (166,324 records), and 1978 (94,935 records) after data were edited to require at least 25 daughters per sire and 10 cows per herd. Phenotypic and genetic correlations were estimated for the 1985 data. Heritability estimates differed between years of birth, and estimates of functional traits were lower than those of uncorrected longevity traits. Genetic correlations between uncorrected longevity traits were high (0.733 to 1.000); phenotypic correlations were lower (0.131 to 0.980). Genetic correlations between uncorrected and functional longevity traits were high (0.577 to 0.975).
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            Manual de Asistencia Técnica

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              Reproducción y Genética Animal

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rivep
                Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú
                Rev. investig. vet. Perú
                Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria (Lima, , Peru )
                1609-9117
                January 2003
                : 14
                : 1
                : 68-73
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUNMSM orgdiv1FMV orgdiv2Clínica de Animales Mayores
                [03] orgnameUNMSM orgdiv1FMV orgdiv2Laboratorio de Reproducción y Obstetricia Veterinaria
                Article
                S1609-91172003000100012 S1609-9117(03)01400112
                8c2a6b62-9060-4047-a34c-26d2a8e54f17

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS PRIMARIOS

                dairy cattle,culling reasons,productive life,causas de descarte,vaca lechera,vida productiva

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