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      Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Circovirus Strain 102 with a Novel Mutation, Isolated from Hunan Province, China

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          Abstract

          Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) strain 102 belongs to the PCV2b-1C subtype, and its sole structural protein (Cap) exhibits high homology with that of other PCV2b isolates reported in South Korea, China, and the United States. Strain 102 contains a new mutation (R37H) in the domain of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the Cap.

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          Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Porcine Circovirus‐Associated Disease

          J. Gillespie, T Opriessnig, X.J. Meng … (2009)
          Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) belongs to the viral family Circoviridae and to the genus Circovirus. Circoviruses are small, single‐stranded nonenveloped DNA viruses that have an unsegmented circular genome. PCV2 is the primary causative agent of several syndromes collectively known as porcine circovirus‐associated disease (PCVAD). Many of the syndromes associated with PCVAD are a result of coinfection with PCV2 virus and other agents such as Mycoplasma and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. PCV2 infection is present in every major swine‐producing country in the world, and the number of identified cases of PCVAD is rapidly increasing. In the United States, the disease has cost producers an average of 3–4 dollars per pig with peak losses ranging up to 20 dollars per pig. The importance of this disease has stimulated investigations aimed at identifying risk factors associated with infection and minimizing these risks through modified management practices and development of vaccination strategies. This paper provides an overview of current knowledge relating to PCV2 and PCVAD with an emphasis on information relevant to the swine veterinarian.
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            The natural history of porcine circovirus type 2: from an inoffensive virus to a devastating swine disease?

            Joaquim Segalés, Martí Cortey, Tuija Kekarainen (2013)
            The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the natural history of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection and its related diseases. The perception about PCV2 as a significant pathogen has markedly changed in the last 15 years. The ubiquitous nature of the virus, the retrospective evidence of this infection long before disease association, the multifactorial aetio-pathogenesis of PCV2-systemic disease (SD) and the lack of consistent demonstration of Koch's postulates caused great controversy about the real causal capabilities of this virus. The advent of vaccines against PCV2 radically changed such perception and this virus is nowadays regarded as a very important pig pathogen. Moreover, the current PCV2 vaccines are ones of the most widely used in pig producing countries. On the other hand, how the virus causes disease is still a not fully solved complex scientific question, but host, infection timing and the virus itself are pivotal factors to consider explaining disease presentation at an individual level. The appearance of PCV2-SD as an epidemic problem at the end of 1990 s or early-mid 2000s might be related with a number of known and unknown variables. Based on available data, the international trade of pigs may have played a major role in the dissemination of more susceptible swine genetic lines as well as in the global PCV2 genotype replacement (PCV2b over PCV2a) during such period. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Identification of a protein essential for replication of porcine circovirus.

              J.-H. Buhk, A Mankertz, J Mankertz … (1998)
              The largest open reading frame of porcine circovirus (ORF 4) encodes a protein of 312 amino acids. The predicted gene product of ORF 4 shows similarities to Rep proteins of other plant circoviruses and geminiviruses. Three motifs have been identified that are characteristic for proteins involved in rolling circle replication and the consensus sequence for a putative dNTP-binding box (GKS) has been found. In this paper, experimental evidence is presented which indicates that ORF 4 encodes the replication protein of porcine circovirus. After cloning of the ORF 4 gene product, it was supplied in trans in a transient replication assay. The ORF 4 gene product promoted the replication of plasmid pOP11, which carries the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus. Since pOP11 itself is unable to replicate in virus-free porcine kidney cells, the ORF 4 gene product must be essential for replication of porcine circovirus.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Genome Announc
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Genome Announc
                Journal ID (hwp): ga
                Journal ID (pmc): ga
                Journal ID (publisher-id): GA
                Title: Genome Announcements
                Publisher: American Society for Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2169-8287
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 May 2015
                Publication date Collection: May-Jun 2015
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: e00411-15
                Affiliations
                [1]College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to Zhibang Deng, zbangd@ 123456hunau.edu.cn , or Yi Yang, yiyang@ 123456hunau.edu.cn .

                Z.Z. and N.W. contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                Publisher ID: genomeA00411-15
                DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00411-15
                PMC ID: 4432325
                PubMed ID: 25977419
                SO-VID: 8c63bae1-9987-42ea-993d-0e31196da828
                Copyright © Copyright © 2015 Zhu et al.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

                History
                Date received : 30 March 2015
                Date accepted : 7 April 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 2, Words: 1327
                Categories
                Subject: Viruses
                Custom metadata
                cover-date May/June 2015
                access-type free

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics

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