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      Reinfección COVID-19 precoz Translated title: Early COVID-19 re-infection

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Resumen Si bien se ha comprobado la existencia de respuesta inmune en pacientes que han padecido COVID-19, se está comunicando con frecuencia creciente la existencia de reinfecciones. Los criterios para el diagnóstico de estas exigen, para evitar la confusión con los casos de infección persistente, un intervalo de tiempo mínimo entre los episodios, así como la realización de pruebas complementarias no accesibles para la mayoría de clínicos. Presentamos dos casos de reinfección en pacientes pediátricas, atendidas en Atención Primaria y con un intervalo corto entre el primer episodio y la reinfección.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Although an immune response has been demonstrated in patients who have had Covid19, re-infections are being reported with increasing frequency. To avoid confusion with cases of persistent infection, the criteria for the diagnosis of reinfection require a minimum time interval between episodes and the performance of complementary tests that are not accessible to most clinicians. Two cases of reinfection in pediatric patients, attended in primary care and with a short time interval between the first episode and the reinfection are presented.

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          Most cited references15

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          Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection

          Understanding immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 is critical for improving diagnostics and vaccines, and for assessing the likely future course of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at ≥ 6 months post-infection. IgG to the Spike protein was relatively stable over 6+ months. Spike-specific memory B cells were more abundant at 6 months than at 1 month post symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells declined with a half-life of 3-5 months. By studying antibody, memory B cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 in an integrated manner, we observed that each component of SARS-CoV-2 immune memory exhibited distinct kinetics.
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            COVID-19 reinfection: a rapid systematic review of case reports and case series

            The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people worldwide and many countries have been suffering from a large number of deaths. Acknowledging the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to mutate into distinct strains as an RNA virus and investigating its potential to cause reinfection is important for future health policy guidelines. It was thought that individuals who recovered from COVID-19 generate a robust immune response and develop protective immunity; however, since the first case of documented reinfection of COVID-19 in August 2020, there have been a number of cases with reinfection. Many cases are lacking genomic data of the two infections, and it remains unclear whether they were caused by different strains. In the present study, we undertook a rapid systematic review to identify cases infected with different genetic strains of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by PCR and viral genome sequencing. A total of 17 cases of genetically confirmed COVID-19 reinfection were found. One immunocompromised patient had mild symptoms with the first infection but developed severe symptoms resulting in death with the second infection. Overall, 68.8% (11/16) had similar severity; 18.8% (3/16) had worse symptoms; and 12.5% (2/16) had milder symptoms with the second episode. Our case series shows that reinfection with different strains is possible, and some cases may experience more severe infections with the second episode. The findings also suggest that COVID-19 may continue to circulate even after achieving herd immunity through natural infection or vaccination, suggesting the need for longer-term transmission mitigation efforts.
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              Reinfection risk of novel coronavirus (COVID-19): A systematic ‎review of current evidence

              BACKGROUND There is recently a concern regarding the reinfection and reactivation of previously reCoVered coronavirus disease 2019 (CoVID-19) patients. AIM To summarize the recent findings and reports of CoVID-19 reinfection in patients previously reCoVered from the disease. METHODS This study was a systematic review of current evidence conducted in August 2020. The authors studied the probable reinfection risk of novel coronavirus (CoVID-19). We performed a systematic search using the keywords in online databases. The investigation adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist to ensure the reliability and validity of this study and results. RESULTS We reviewed 31 studies. Eight studies described reCoVered patients with reinfection. Only one study reported reinfected patients who died. In 26 studies, there was no information about the status of the patients. Several studies indicated that reinfection is not probable and that post-infection immunity is at least temporary and short. CONCLUSION Based on our review, we concluded that a positive polymerase chain reaction retest could be due to several reasons and should not always be considered as reinfection or reactivation of the disease. Most relevant studies in positive retest patients have shown relative and probably temporary immunity after the reCoVery of the disease.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                December 2021
                : 23
                : 92
                : e157-e161
                Affiliations
                [2] Fuenlabrada Madrid orgnameCentro de Salud Cuzco España
                [1] Fuenlabrada orgnameHospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada Spain
                [3] Fuenlabrada Madrid orgnameCentro de Salud Cuzco. España
                [4] Fuenlabrada orgnameHospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada orgdiv1Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico orgdiv2Área de Microbiología Spain
                Article
                S1139-76322021000400017 S1139-7632(21)02309200017
                8c80aaef-56aa-44ee-be95-3cd930ef2758

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Notas Clínicas

                COVID-19,Reinfection,Paediatrics,SARS-CoV-2,Reinfección,Pediatría

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