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      Efficient Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Amines through a Formal Umpolung Strategy from the Bench‐Stable Precursor (Me 4N)SCF 3

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          Abstract

          Reported herein is the one‐pot synthesis of trifluoromethylated amines at room temperature using the bench‐stable (Me 4N)SCF 3 reagent and AgF. The method is rapid, operationally simple and highly selective. It proceeds via a formal umpolung reaction of the SCF 3 with the amine, giving quantitative formation of thiocarbamoyl fluoride intermediates within minutes that can readily be transformed to N‐CF 3. The mildness and high functional group tolerance render the method highly attractive for the late‐stage introduction of trifluoromethyl groups on amines, as demonstrated herein for a range of pharmaceutically relevant drug molecules.

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          Fluorine in medicinal chemistry.

          It has become evident that fluorinated compounds have a remarkable record in medicinal chemistry and will play a continuing role in providing lead compounds for therapeutic applications. This tutorial review provides a sampling of renowned fluorinated drugs and their mode of action with a discussion clarifying the role and impact of fluorine substitution on drug potency.
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            Fluorine in pharmaceuticals: looking beyond intuition.

            Fluorine substituents have become a widespread and important drug component, their introduction facilitated by the development of safe and selective fluorinating agents. Organofluorine affects nearly all physical and adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of a lead compound. Its inductive effects are relatively well understood, enhancing bioavailability, for example, by reducing the basicity of neighboring amines. In contrast, exploration of the specific influence of carbon-fluorine single bonds on docking interactions, whether through direct contact with the protein or through stereoelectronic effects on molecular conformation of the drug, has only recently begun. Here, we review experimental progress in this vein and add complementary analysis based on comprehensive searches in the Cambridge Structural Database and the Protein Data Bank.
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              Introduction of fluorine and fluorine-containing functional groups.

              Over the past decade, the most significant, conceptual advances in the field of fluorination were enabled most prominently by organo- and transition-metal catalysis. The most challenging transformation remains the formation of the parent C-F bond, primarily as a consequence of the high hydration energy of fluoride, strong metal-fluorine bonds, and highly polarized bonds to fluorine. Most fluorination reactions still lack generality, predictability, and cost-efficiency. Despite all current limitations, modern fluorination methods have made fluorinated molecules more readily available than ever before and have begun to have an impact on research areas that do not require large amounts of material, such as drug discovery and positron emission tomography. This Review gives a brief summary of conventional fluorination reactions, including those reactions that introduce fluorinated functional groups, and focuses on modern developments in the field. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                http://www.schoenebeck.oc.rwth‐aachen.de/
                franziska.schoenebeck@rwth-aachen.de
                Journal
                Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
                Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl
                10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3773
                ANIE
                Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1433-7851
                1521-3773
                09 December 2016
                02 January 2017
                : 56
                : 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/anie.v56.1 )
                : 221-224
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
                Article
                ANIE201609480
                10.1002/anie.201609480
                6680219
                27936300
                8cca4b3e-826d-4f48-af34-baae827110f4
                © 2016 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

                History
                : 27 September 2016
                : 18 October 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 2, References: 71, Pages: 4, Words: 0
                Categories
                Communication
                Communications
                Synthetic Methods
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                anie201609480
                January 2, 2017
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:5.6.7 mode:remove_FC converted:05.08.2019

                Chemistry
                amines,synthetic methods,thiocarbamoyl fluoride,trifluoromethylation
                Chemistry
                amines, synthetic methods, thiocarbamoyl fluoride, trifluoromethylation

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