Lynne Lohfeld:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4711-7305
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review
& editing
Christine Graham: Role: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review
& editing
Anne Effiom Ebri: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Nathan Congdon: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Writing – review & editing
Ving Fai Chan: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: VisualizationRole:
Writing – review & editing
Ahmed Awadein: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
18
November
2021
Publication date Collection: 2021
Volume: 16
Issue: 11
Electronic Location Identifier: e0259309
Affiliations
[1
]
Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biological Sciences, Queen’s
University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
[2
]
Clinical and Epidemiological Eye Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou,
China
[3
]
Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
[4
]
Brien Holden Vision Institute Foundation (Africa) Trust, Durban, South Africa
[5
]
Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
[6
]
Orbis International, New York, NY, United States of America
[7
]
College of Health Sciences, University KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, EGYPT
Author notes
Competing Interests: VFC is a Trustee of Vision Aid Overseas, a non-governmental organization delivering
refractive services in LMICs, including those in Africa. NC is the Director for Research
for Orbis International, which delivers eye care, including children’s refrative services,
in Africa and other low-resource settings.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-21-17968
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259309
PMC ID: 8601460
PubMed ID: 34793502
SO-VID: 8cdb84e8-99f1-443d-a878-2b32184a680c
Copyright © © 2021 Lohfeld et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
NI DfE GCRF
Award ID: R3138CPH
Award Recipient
:
Ving Fai Chan
VFC received the award (Grant number R3138CPH) from the Northern Ireland Department
for the Economy, Global Challenges Research Fund (NI DfE GCRF). URL of funder website:
https://www.economy-ni.gov.uk/articles/global-challenges-research-fund-gcrf#:~:text=The%20Department%20for%20the%20Economy,challenges%20faced%20by%20developing%20countries. The funders had no role in study
design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Head
Subject:
Eyes
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Head
Subject:
Eyes
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Ocular System
Subject:
Eyes
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Ocular System
Subject:
Eyes
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Neuroscience
Subject:
Cognitive Science
Subject:
Cognitive Psychology
Subject:
Perception
Subject:
Sensory Perception
Subject:
Vision
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Cognitive Psychology
Subject:
Perception
Subject:
Sensory Perception
Subject:
Vision
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Cognitive Psychology
Subject:
Perception
Subject:
Sensory Perception
Subject:
Vision
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Neuroscience
Subject:
Sensory Perception
Subject:
Vision
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Sociology
Subject:
Education
Subject:
Schools
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pediatrics
Subject:
Child Health
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Child Health
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Age Groups
Subject:
Children
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Families
Subject:
Children
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Sociology
Subject:
Human Families
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Educational Status
Subject:
Schoolchildren
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Research Design
Subject:
Qualitative Studies