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      Polymeric Plant-derived Excipients in Drug Delivery

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          Abstract

          Drug dosage forms contain many components in addition to the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) to assist in the manufacturing process as well as to optimise drug delivery. Due to advances in drug delivery technology, excipients are currently included in novel dosage forms to fulfil specific functions and in some cases they directly or indirectly influence the extent and/or rate of drug release and absorption. Since plant polysaccharides comply with many requirements expected of pharmaceutical excipients such as non-toxicity, stability, availability and renewability they are extensively investigated for use in the development of solid oral dosage forms. Furthermore, polysaccharides with varying physicochemical properties can be extracted from plants at relatively low cost and can be chemically modified to suit specific needs. As an example, many polysaccharide-rich plant materials are successfully used as matrix formers in modified release dosage forms. Some natural polysaccharides have even shown environmental-responsive gelation characteristics with the potential to control drug release according to specific therapeutic needs. This review discusses some of the most important plant-derived polymeric compounds that are used or investigated as excipients in drug delivery systems.

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          Natural-origin polymers as carriers and scaffolds for biomolecules and cell delivery in tissue engineering applications.

          The present paper intends to overview a wide range of natural-origin polymers with special focus on proteins and polysaccharides (the systems more inspired on the extracellular matrix) that are being used in research, or might be potentially useful as carriers systems for active biomolecules or as cell carriers with application in the tissue engineering field targeting several biological tissues. The combination of both applications into a single material has proven to be very challenging though. The paper presents also some examples of commercially available natural-origin polymers with applications in research or in clinical use in several applications. As it is recognized, this class of polymers is being widely used due to their similarities with the extracellular matrix, high chemical versatility, typically good biological performance and inherent cellular interaction and, also very significant, the cell or enzyme-controlled degradability. These biocharacteristics classify the natural-origin polymers as one of the most attractive options to be used in the tissue engineering field and drug delivery applications.
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            Pectins: structure, biosynthesis, and oligogalacturonide-related signaling

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              Advances in cellulose ester performance and application

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Molecules
                Molecules
                molecules
                Molecules
                Molecular Diversity Preservation International
                1420-3049
                16 July 2009
                July 2009
                : 14
                : 7
                : 2602-2620
                Affiliations
                Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; E-mails: cegpharm@ 123456live.com (C-E.B.); viljoenam@ 123456tut.ac.za (A-M.V.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: hammanjh@ 123456tut.ac.za ; Tel. + 27 12 382 6397; Fax: + 27 12 382 6243.
                Article
                molecules-14-02602
                10.3390/molecules14072602
                6255379
                19633627
                8ce24f22-ab2b-4cc6-9545-47d5cbb9e2cb
                © 2009 by the authors;

                licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                : 22 June 2009
                : 01 July 2009
                : 06 July 2009
                Categories
                Review

                polysaccharide,polymer,excipient,drug delivery,controlled release,renewable resource

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