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      Management of Pregnancy with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome: A Case Report and Review

      case-report
      Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology
      Hindawi

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          Abstract

          Background

          Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome with vascular involvement. Given the rarity of the syndrome, its management in pregnancy is based on the outcome of a few case reports and expert opinion.

          Case Summary

          The management of a complicated case with its antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum concerns has been addressed in this review.

          Conclusions

          Prenatal consults with anesthesia, general surgery, intervention radiology, and internal medicine should be arranged, prior to delivery in anticipation of all the possible complications. Apart from the pregnancy management, preconceptional counselling including the genetics, prognosis, and contraception has an important role in patient management.

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          Most cited references25

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          The etiology of the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome.

          The etiology of the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) remains obscure. Although venous hypertension secondary to deep venous obstruction has been suggested as a cause, recent studies have demonstrated that most patients have unimpeded venous drainage. Calf blood flows have been measured in 33 patients with KTS using venous occlusion plethysmography. Although all flow rates were within normal limits, flow in affected limbs was invariably greater than in normal limbs (p less than 0.001), and this is related to the presence of the nevus. Biopsies of subcutaneous veins demonstrate the histological features of a response to chronically raised flow. The authors suggest that KTS is caused by mesodermal abnormality during fetal development, leading to the maintenance of microscopic arteriovenous communications in the limb bud, as a result of which the triad of nevus, hypertrophy, and superficial varices is produced. Deep venous abnormalities occur pari passu with the triad and are not responsible for its development.
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            THE KLIPPEL-TRENAUNAY SYNDROME: VARICOSITY, HYPERTROPHY AND HEMANGIOMA WITH NO ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA.

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              The laryngeal mask airway is effective (and probably safe) in selected healthy parturients for elective Cesarean section: a prospective study of 1067 cases.

              To report on the use of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for elective Cesarean section in 1067 consecutive ASA I-II patients preferring general anesthesia. Patients were excluded if they had pharyngeal reflux, a pre-pregnancy body mass index >30, or had a known/predicted difficult airway. Patients were fasted for six hours and given ranitidine/sodium citrate. A rapid sequence induction was performed with thiopentone and suxamethonium. The LMA was inserted by experienced users. Anesthesia was maintained with N(2)O and 50% O(2) and a volatile agent. Cricoid pressure was maintained until delivery, but was relaxed if insertion/ventilation was difficult. Patients were intubated if an effective airway was not obtained within 90 sec, or SpO(2) 45 mmHg. Postdelivery, vecuronium and fentanyl were administered. An effective airway was obtained in 1060 (99%) patients, 1051 (98%) at the first attempt and nine (1%) at the second or third attempt. Air leakage or partial airway obstruction occurred in 22 (21%) patients, and seven (0.7%) patients required intubation. There were no episodes of hypoxia (SpO(2) /=7 after five minutes. We conclude that the LMA is effective and probably safe for elective Cesarean section in healthy, selected patients when managed by experienced LMA users.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Case Rep Obstet Gynecol
                Case Rep Obstet Gynecol
                CRIOG
                Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology
                Hindawi
                2090-6684
                2090-6692
                2018
                12 July 2018
                : 2018
                : 6583562
                Affiliations
                Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Foothills Medical Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Erich Cosmi

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-4442
                Article
                10.1155/2018/6583562
                6077650
                8cefac23-af9c-42ec-8392-1dfb414d53b1
                Copyright © 2018 Rati Chadha.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 22 January 2018
                : 12 March 2018
                : 27 June 2018
                Categories
                Case Report

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Obstetrics & Gynecology

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