Discrimination of Three Pegaga (Centella) Varieties and Determination of Growth-Lighting Effects on Metabolites Content Based on the Chemometry of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Abstract
The metabolites of three species of Apiaceae, also known as Pegaga, were analyzed
utilizing (1)H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Principal component
analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) resolved the species, Centella
asiatica, Hydrocotyle bonariensis, and Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, into three clusters.
The saponins, asiaticoside and madecassoside, along with chlorogenic acids were the
metabolites that contributed most to the separation. Furthermore, the effects of growth-lighting
condition to metabolite contents were also investigated. The extracts of C. asiatica
grown in full-day light exposure exhibited a stronger radical scavenging activity
and contained more triterpenes (asiaticoside and madecassoside), flavonoids, and chlorogenic
acids as compared to plants grown in 50% shade. This study established the potential
of using a combination of (1)H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analyses in
differentiating three closely related species and the effects of growth lighting,
based on their metabolite contents and identification of the markers contributing
to their differences.