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      Cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibition studies of polyoxometalates and their chitosan nanoassemblies

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          Abstract

          Polyoxometalates (POMs) have become very significant in biomedical research for their structural diversity which renders them highly active against bacterial, viral and cancer diseases. In this study three different POMs were synthesized and nanoassemblies were made with chitosan (CTS), a natural biodegradable polymer with excellent drug carrier properties. The compounds were tested on two isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatases including tissue specific calf intestine alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Compound [TeW 6O 24] 6− (TeW 6) showed the highest activity (45.4 ± 11.3 nM) among tested compounds against TNAP. Similarly, chitosan-[TeW 6O 24] 6− (CTS-TeW 6) was proved to be a potent inhibitor of CIAP with K i value of 22 ± 7 nM. A comparative study was made to evaluate their cytotoxic potential against HeLa cells. Among all tested compounds, Chitosan-[NaP 5W 30O 110] 14− (CTS-P 5W 30) has showed higher percent cytotoxicity (88 ± 10%) at 10 μM when compared with the standard anticancer drug vincristine (72 ± 7%). The study revealed that selected POMs proved excellent anticancer potential and were equally effective against alkaline phosphatase enzyme, an increased level of which may indicate cancer metastasis.

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          Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives.

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            Polyoxometalates: building blocks for functional nanoscale systems.

            Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a subset of metal oxides that represent a diverse range of molecular clusters with an almost unmatched range of physical properties and the ability to form dynamic structures that can range in size from the nano- to the micrometer scale. Herein we present the very latest developments from synthesis to structure and function of POMs. We discuss the possibilities of creating highly sophisticated functional hierarchical systems with multiple, interdependent, functionalities along with a critical analysis that allows the non-specialist to learn the salient features. We propose and present a "periodic table of polyoxometalate building blocks". We also highlight some of the current issues and challenges that need to be addressed to work towards the design of functional systems based upon POM building blocks and look ahead to possible emerging application areas.
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              Polyoxometalate Chemistry: An Old Field with New Dimensions in Several Disciplines

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Toxicol Rep
                Toxicol Rep
                Toxicology Reports
                Elsevier
                2214-7500
                06 June 2014
                2014
                06 June 2014
                : 1
                : 341-352
                Affiliations
                [a ]Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
                [b ]School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +92 992 383591 96; fax: +92 992 383441 drjamshed@ 123456ciit.net.pk jamshediqb@ 123456gmail.com jamshed.iqbal@ 123456uni-bonn.de
                Article
                S2214-7500(14)00034-1
                10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.06.001
                5598103
                28962250
                8cf6d8e7-8d8f-4a6a-af1c-46cfe653e2a4
                © 2014 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

                History
                : 29 March 2014
                : 1 June 2014
                : 1 June 2014
                Categories
                Article

                polyoxometalate,chitosan,cytotoxicity,alkaline phosphatase,chitosan-polyoxometalate nanoassemblies

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