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      Indicadores e índices de calidad en suelos rojos bajo sistemas naturales y cultivados Translated title: Indices and indicators of soil quality in natural and cultivated red soil systems

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          Abstract

          Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: determinar indicadores de calidad de suelo, desarrollar índices funcionales y aplicar índices utilizados en la bibliografía, a fin de evaluar su sensibilidad para detectar los cambios producidos por el desmonte y posterior uso agrícola en Oxisoles del departamento de Oberá (Misiones). Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos: Selva (S), cultivo de maíz con labranza convencional (Zea mays L.) (M) y cultivo de Té (Camellia sinensis L.) (T). Se muestrearon 12 lotes por tratamiento a 0-0,10; 0,10-0,20 y 0,20-0,30 m. Las variables evaluadas fueron: respiración (RES), densidad aparente (Da), textura, pH, materia orgánica total (MO) y particulada (MOP), nitrógeno total (Nt) y potencialmente mineralizable (NPM). Se determinaron los índices: MOP/MO, NPM/Nt, NPM/MOP, MO/Li+Arc, MOP/RES y las relaciones de estratificación del carbono orgánico del suelo (COSr1, COSr2) y del potencial de mineralización del nitrógeno (NPMr1, NPMr2). Los resultados se analizaron mediante ANOVA, Test LSD (p < 0,05), y correlación de Pearson. Los indicadores: Da, RES, MO, Nt, y NPM y los índices NPM/Nt, MO/Li+Arc, NPM/MOP, IRC, IMC, COSr1, COSr2, permitieron diferenciar suelos bajo sistemas naturales de cultivados. La Da, la RES y el índice COSr2 resultaron más sensibles, diferenciando también sistemas agrícolas: cultivo perenne de anual, indicando a este último como el más degradante. Si bien resultan necesarias más investigaciones, estos resultados indicarían que suelos de alta calidad, presentarían un índice de estratificación COSr1 >2 y un COSr2 >1,5 por lo que valores menores indicarían pérdida de calidad. El índice MOP/RES desarrollado detectó diferencias en la calidad de MOP y su ciclado, resultando los suelos vírgenes y bajo cultivo perenne, sin remoción de suelo (T), con un ciclado más lento que los suelos bajo cultivo anual (M).

          Translated abstract

          The objectives of this study were to determine soil quality (SQ) indicators, develop proper soil quality indices and apply the indices from the literature so as to assess their sensitivity in detecting the SQ changes caused by deforestation and agricultural use in Oxisols at Oberá (Misiones), where rainforests have been removed and replaced with annual and perennial crops. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments: tropical forest (S), corn crop under conventional tillage (Zea Mays L.) (M) and tea crop (Camellia sinensis L.) (T). Twelve plots were sampled from each treatment at 0-0,10; 0,10-0,20 and 0,20-0,30 m depths. The following variables were evaluated on the soil samples: respiration (RES), bulk density (Da), texture, pH, organic matter (MO), particulate organic matter (MOP), total nitrogen (Nt), and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (NPM). The following indices were determined: MOP/MO, NPM/Nt, NPM/MOP, MO/Li+Arc, MOP/RES, and the stratification ratios of soil organic carbon (COSr1, COSr2) and of nitrogen mineralization potential (NPMr1, NPMr2). All data were analyzed through ANOVA, means were separated by the LSD Test (p < 0,05), and a Pearson correlation was performed. Soil indicators Da, RES, MO, Nt and NPM, and indices NPM/Nt, MO/Li+Arc, NPM/MOP, IRC, IMC, COSr1 and COSr2 revealed statistical differences between soils under natural systems and cultivated soils. Indicators Da and RES, and index COSr2 turned out to be more sensitive; they showed differences between perennial and annual cropping systems, the latter causing higher soil degradation. Even though further research is needed, the results obtained from this study would indicate that high quality soils have a stratification ratio COSr1 >2 and COSr2 >1,5; lower values would therefore suggest loss of SQ. The elaborated ratio MOP/RES showed differences in MOP quality and its cycling, indicating that in virgin soils and perennial cropping systems without removal of soil (T), the cycling is slower than in soils under annual crops (M).

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          Most cited references32

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          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          The role of soil organic matter in maintaining soil quality in continuous cropping systems

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            Soil organic matter stratification ratio as an indicator of soil quality

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              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Spatial–temporal variation in soil respiration in an oak–grass savanna ecosystem in California and its partitioning into autotrophic and heterotrophic components

                Author and article information

                Journal
                cds
                Ciencia del suelo
                Cienc. suelo
                Asociación Argentina de la Ciencia del Suelo (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                1850-2067
                December 2013
                : 31
                : 2
                : 201-212
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Nordeste orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Argentina
                [02] orgnameCONICET orgdiv1UNS
                Article
                S1850-20672013000200006 S1850-2067(13)03100200006
                8d1141fd-a06a-4d8c-9b64-c7349b8fb309

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 June 2013
                : 28 June 2013
                : 01 March 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                sistemas de cultivo,Soil quality,Indicators,Functional indices,Crops systems,Calidad del suelo,indicadores,índices funcionales

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