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      Rewiring Host Lipid Metabolism by Large Viruses Determines the Fate of Emiliania huxleyi, a Bloom-Forming Alga in the Ocean

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          Abstract

          Marine viruses are major ecological and evolutionary drivers of microbial food webs regulating the fate of carbon in the ocean. We combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to explore the cellular pathways mediating the interaction between the bloom-forming coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and its specific coccolithoviruses (E. huxleyi virus [EhV]). We show that EhV induces profound transcriptome remodeling targeted toward fatty acid synthesis to support viral assembly. A metabolic shift toward production of viral-derived sphingolipids was detected during infection and coincided with downregulation of host de novo sphingolipid genes and induction of the viral-encoded homologous pathway. The depletion of host-specific sterols during lytic infection and their detection in purified virions revealed their novel role in viral life cycle. We identify an essential function of the mevalonate-isoprenoid branch of sterol biosynthesis during infection and propose its downregulation as an antiviral mechanism. We demonstrate how viral replication depends on the hijacking of host lipid metabolism during the chemical "arms race" in the ocean.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          The Plant Cell
          Plant Cell
          American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB)
          1040-4651
          1532-298X
          July 28 2014
          June 2014
          June 2014
          June 10 2014
          : 26
          : 6
          : 2689-2707
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
          [2 ]Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry/Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
          [3 ]Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
          [4 ]Bioinformatics and Biological Computing Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
          [5 ]The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
          Article
          10.1105/tpc.114.125641
          24920329
          8d16b05b-fbc7-4517-b66a-a4401067c039
          © 2014

          http://aspb.org/publications/aspb-journals/open-articles

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